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Rolando's Cisura: characteristics and areas that surround it

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The brain is the most relevant set of organs that we have, since it governs the functioning of the entire organism in such a way that we can stay alive. If we observe it from the outside, the first thing we can see is the cerebral cortex, a compact region full of wrinkles and folds. These folds form convolutions or twists, as well as grooves and grooves. Among the latter, there are two that stand out especially and that allow us to differentiate different lobes: Silvio's fissure and Rolando's fissure.

In this article let's focus on Rolando's fissure to analyze what it is and its importance, as well as what regions surround it and some disorders that may arise or that generate relevant effects on it.

  • Related article: "Silvio's fissure: parts of the brain through which it passes"

Rolando's fissure: what are we facing?

Rolando's fissure is, together with Silvio's, one of the most relevant and visible fissures, furrows or fissures of the cerebral cortex. Also called central sulcus this fissure runs vertically separating the lobes

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frontal Y parietal and with this, at a functional level, the cortices motorboat (Brodmann area 4) and primary somatosensory (Brodmann areas 1, 2 and 3).

This slit It is also surrounded by the precentral and postcentral gyres and is found bilaterally, that is, this groove appears in both brain hemispheres. It appears in the central part of the brain and practically reaches Silvio's fissure, being separated from it by one of the operculums

In addition to performing this separation, it has been speculated that in the brain matter that makes up Rolando's fissure there could be a certain association between motor and sensory information, in such a way that it would act as a bridge and contribute to integrating both types of information.

Developing

This fissure, similar to that of Silvio, forms early throughout fetal development. Specifically, it begins to be appreciated through magnetic resonances from the twenty-eighth week of gestation (although from the twenty-sixth already can be guessed in some cases), appearing from the parietal areas and becoming increasingly visible and deep as the brain.

Disorders and problems associated with Rolando's fissure

The Rolando or central fissure is one of the most visible in the entire human brain and allows us perform a separation between the frontal and parietal lobe, two of the brain regions most relevant. But the Rolando fissure sometimes does not appear or can be involved or affected by various problems. Some of them are as follows.

1. Lissencephaly

Lissencephaly, which can occur completely or incompletely, is a disorder in which throughout fetal development no or few folds, convolutions, and furrows are formed in the brain. It is a problem that can generate repercussions of various kinds, which can lead to death of the fetus or baby in a few years and generating alterations such as cardiorespiratory difficulties or seizures Occasionally, children with this disorder may not have symptoms, but it is not usual.

  • You may be interested: "Lissencephaly: symptoms, causes and treatment"

2. Strokes

The rupture of blood vessels or the suffering of an ischemia can affect the areas surrounding the Rolando fissure and even flood it. This would generate various problems that could end up affecting the performance of movements and / or the capture of tactile sensations.

3. Rolandic epilepsy

Epilepsy is a disorder in which one or more groups of neurons become hyperexcitable to stimulation and end up generating seizures. Rolandic epilepsy is one of the types of epilepsy that exist, being one of the most frequent and typical of childhood.

The crisis does not generate loss of consciousness, and stands out for starting with a tingling that ends up becoming inability to control the face and extremities, suffering uncontrollable shaking in these areas and disabling you to talk. It is a type of usually benign epilepsy that appears during sleep or in the morning, and is generated by the hyperexcitability of neurons located in the Rolando fissure.

  • Related article: "Types of epilepsies: causes, symptoms and characteristics"

4. Tumors

The existence of different types of brain tumors can cause alterations in the physiognomy of the brain, including the displacement of fissures such as Rolando's and the destruction of neurons present in its depths or in the surrounding areas.

Bibliographic references:

  • Cohen-Sacher, B.; Lerman-Sagie, T.; Lev, D.; Malinger, G. (2006). Sonographic developmental milestones of the fetal cerebral cortex: a longitudinal study. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology, 27: 494-502.
  • Toi, A.; Lister, W.S. & Fong, K.W. (2004), How early are fetal cerebral sulci visible at prenatal ultrasound and what is the normal pattern of early fetal sulcal development?. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology, 24: 706–715.
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