Summary of the restoration of Alfonso XII

After declaring the first Spanish republic, a group of Spanish politicians led by Antonio Cánovas del Castillo they set themselves the objective of re-establishing in Spain a parliamentary monarchy in which the monarch would have less can. They also wanted to revitalize the country's political structure, which should gradually move to a somewhat more liberal environment. In this lesson from a TEACHER we bring you a summary of the Restoration of Alfonso XII where we will explain the political advances that were established in the country.

We begin the summary of the Restoration of Alfonso XII to place ourselves in the year 1868, at which time La Gloriosa is produced, a movement that expelled Isabel II from the wheel to establish the I Spanish Republic.

During 1868-1874, the young prince of Asturias was educated in the different political systems of Europe such as:

• France: at first, the royal family went to the Gallic country where the young prince entered the Stanislas school.
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• Vienna: the Royal and Imperial Teresian Academy of Vienna was the next place where the prince would be educated.
• England: The Sandhurst Military Academy was the place chosen by its preceptors to study one of the most important skills that a monarch should have. In this academy, members of the British royal family are trained today.

During this period, the monarch was writing a series of letters to his mother in which he commented on the progress he was making, in addition to intuiting that he was soaking up the various forms of government that there were in Europe, elements that he wanted to bring with him to modernize Spain.

In the year 1870 a fundamental step was taken: the abdication by Isabel II of the Crown in hers, her son Alfonso hers, a fact that gave him legitimacy to take the Crown in the future.

Continuing with the summary of the Restoration of Alfonso XII we must know that, after overthrowing the monarchy in Spain, the country was immersed in a series of political ups and downs that greatly affected the establishment of the idea of ​​republicanism in Spain. In this way we will observe three well-defined stages:

• Provisional Government (1868-1870) After the fall of the Bourbon monarchy in Spain, a government was formed headed by both politicians and famous soldiers. The latter was obliged to seek a solution to the political instability that existed at the time and decide whether to move to a republic, monarchy or dictatorship.
• Reign of Amadeus I of Savoy (1870-1873) Although with many discrepancies, General Prim managed to establish a parliamentary monarchy, in which the power of the monarch was very diluted. The house chosen, after being rejected by many European countries, was that of Savoy. This system of government had very few sympathizers, besides counting that before the arrival of the new monarch, General Prim had been assassinated. In such a way that there were a series of very ineffective governments between 1871-1873, largely because the same politicians did not accept Amadeo I as monarch.
• I Republic (1873-1874) After leaving the throne Amadeo I, the First Republic was established in Spain, which from the beginning had a large number of obstacles, ending with a military uprising at the hands of General Arsenio Martínez-Campos who proclaimed Alfonso King of Spain XII. In this other lesson we discover a summary of the First Spanish Republic.

The December 1, 1874 the Prince of Asturias himself had sent the Sandhurst Manifesto, by which he presented himself to the Spanish as a leader prepared to lead Spain to modernity. On the 29th of that same month, the military uprising of Martínez-Campos took place, proclaiming Alfonso XII as King of Spain.

In January 1875, the monarch arrived in Spain and was consolidated in the Cortes, from that moment, the young monarch, had as its purpose:

• Strengthen the monarchy in SpainFor this he had to put himself at the head of the troops and march to the Carlist front that he had been open since the time of his mother. After the victory over the insurgents, he took the nickname of the Pacifier, in the year 1876.
• Renew the political system: for this the Constitution of 1876, which, although very brief, gave a little more freedom to Spanish society. Similarly, the party rotation system proposed by Cánovas del Castillo was approved, creating the Liberal-Conservative party and the Liberal-Fusionist party, these would rotate when they had no solution to continuation. The appearance of this also signified the caciquil system, which lasted throughout the Restoration period.

To end with the summary of the Restoration of Alfonso XII, we must know that the monarch between 1878-1879 he survived two anarchist attacks of which he would come out unscathed, in addition to consolidating his power.

Since 1883 the monarch made a series of trips through Europe to consolidate his power in addition to acting as a mediator in some European conflicts, such as the problem of Alsace. Similarly there were disagreements with Germany, since the Germanic country tried to take the Carolinas, islands that belonged to the Spanish monarchy. This ended with the Spanish-German treaty in 1885 he ceded the Marshall Islands in order to give up the dominion of the Carolinas.

In 1885, once he returned to Spain, he saw how the country was immersed in a cholera epidemic, for which he enables the royal palace to shelter his troops, in the same way, without prior notice he went to visit some foci to deal with sick, causing him to be cheered on by the Spaniards on his return to the capital (this was done in secret from the government, which had forbidden him to carry out said travel).

The November 25, 1885 died of tuberculosis at the age of 27 in the Palacio Real del Pardo.