Gender equality and equity: what are they and what are their differences?

Gender equality and equity refer to the possibility that people have the same opportunities to access their rights, and that access is not limited by the fact that they are men or women.

The difference between gender equality and equity is that gender equality promotes legal mechanisms for all citizens to access their rights, without their gender being a limitation.

While gender equity is the process that solves the disadvantages that some people suffer due to their gender. It is the practical application of equality.

A practical example to understand the difference between equality and equity would be access to education. Although in most countries education is considered a right for all people, in many countries Sometimes girls do not have access to it, either because they have to work or take care of other members of the family.

So, access to education is the same for everyone, but in practice there is no equity because one of the genders does not have real access to that right in certain circumstances.

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It is important to remember that although the term “gender” is often used as a synonym for sex, it is actually two different concepts. Sex is the set of anatomical and biological characteristics that distinguish women from men, such as the presence of XX (female) or XY (male) chromosomes. While gender are the non-biological characteristics, social constructions, roles or activities that are associated with one or the other sex.

For example, it is assumed that the female gender must fulfill caregiver roles, or that they have to behave or dress in a certain way. This is not necessarily true, as they are cultural constructions assigned to women.

Gender equality	Gender equality
What is it?	It is the ability of people to enjoy the rights that correspond to them, without being discriminated against for being men or women.	It involves solving the disadvantaged condition of the affected gender so that they can access their rights.
How does it apply?	Through laws, decrees, sanctions, agreements, etc.	Through practical solutions of a social, legal, economic or other nature.
To whom does it apply?	To any person or group that cannot access their rights due to their gender.	To any person or group that cannot access their rights due to their gender.
Examples	Laws against gender violence. Right to education for girls and boys.	Job training programs for women who have suffered domestic violence. Access to feminine hygiene products in rural communities to reduce the absence of girls and adolescents in situations of economic vulnerability.

What is gender equality?

Gender equality is the ability of people to access and fully enjoy their rights, without their gender is a factor of discrimination that prevents them from enjoying the recognition and opportunities that correspond to them.

The recognition of equality for men and women was achieved, in part, by the Condition Commission Jurídica y Social de la Mujer, a body created in 1947 by the UN to design equality policies for women. gender.

This commission managed to include the principle of equality as a right in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, "without distinguishing between race, religion, language or sex."

Gender equality is usually applied through laws, decrees or agreements in which the conditions under which that right will be applied are established.

Examples of gender equality

The female vote, a right achieved in most countries during the 20th century.
Women's access to education.
The General Law of Access for Women to a Life Free of Violence, created in Mexico.
The participation of women in the political world, running for and occupying leadership positions.
In some countries, women can pursue a military career.

What is gender equity?

Gender equity refers to the application of solutions that seek fair conditions so that girls, boys, women and men have access to the rights that correspond to them under conditions of equality.

This involves taking steps to compensate for the disadvantages suffered by a person or group due to their gender. In this way, they can join society in conditions similar to those of the gender that has an advantageous position.

Therefore, gender equity implies the design and implementation of solutions, be they social, economic, educational of another nature, so that the disadvantages detected are addressed and resolved opportunely.

When these differences are repaired, then one can speak of gender equality.

For example, in an indigenous community they build a school so that girls and boys have access to education. However, the girls do not go to school because they are in charge of finding drinking water for their community. Therefore, they cannot enjoy their right.

The local government establishes a series of measures so that the community has access to water, and thus girls can attend school. By compensating for disadvantage (equity), girls can enjoy their rights just like boys in the community (equality).

Other examples of gender equity

The creation of job training programs for women in vulnerable situations.
Paternity leave, which allows parents to accompany their partners when they have had a baby.
The implementation of educational programs for women, with an emphasis on an area where there is a gender gap, such as entrepreneurship, finance or technology.

Difference between gender equality and equity

The difference between gender equality and gender equity is that equality proposes the ideal conditions for girls, boys, men and women to fully enjoy their rights. This is achieved through resolutions, laws, decrees or agreements in which these rights or benefits are established.

For its part, gender equity is the entire process that involves detecting inequalities in both genders and propose solutions so that the person or group of the gender in disadvantage can have real access to their rights.

An example to illustrate the difference between the two concepts is the Equal Remuneration Convention, created and established by the International Labor Organization in 1951.

The agreement establishes, broadly speaking, that all people must receive the same remuneration if they do the same work.

However, the reality is that in many parts of the world women are paid less for doing the same work as men. So, the agreement establishes conditions of equality, but in practice the conditions are unequal for one of the genders.

For there to be gender equity, mechanisms must be created that allow these imbalances to adjust. For example, with legal sanctions for employers who apply this practice.

References

Inter Agency Network for Education in Emergency (INEE) (2012).Gender equality in - and through - education. New York.
United Nations. Gender equality. https://www.un.org/es/global-issues/gender-equality
Entity of the United Nations Organization for gender equality and the empowerment of women. Commission on the Juridical and Social Condition of Women. https://www.unwomen.org/es/csw