ADHD in Adults: A Comprehensive Approach to Diagnosis and Treatment
He Attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity (ADHD) affects the lives of many adults, despite being commonly associated with childhood (Kooij et al., 2010). An early and adequate diagnosis is essential to improve the quality of life and functioning in the work and personal environment of the affected people.
In this article, a comprehensive approach is presented that addresses the neurophysiological, cognitive-behavioral, and humanistic-existential bases of ADHD in adults, as well as its treatment and follow-up.
An integrative approach to ADHD in adults
Proper diagnosis of ADHD in adults requires a comprehensive evaluation that includes history, current functioning, and assessment of specific symptoms (Faraone et al., 2015). All over the world, ADHD affects approximately 2.5-4.4% of the adult population, but many adults have not been adequately diagnosed and treated (Simon et al., 2009; Kessler et al., 2006). Failure to timely detect the disorder can lead to a number of problems in life adult, such as difficulties in the workplace, family and social environment, and mental health in general.
Effects of ADHD on behavior and the adult brain
The brain alterations identified in individuals with ADHD mainly affect the prefrontal cortex and the dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurotransmitter system, which may contribute to symptoms of attention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness (Faraone et al., 2015). These neurobiological abnormalities can generate difficulties regulating emotions and decision making, as well as impulse control and the ability to stay focused on tasks and long-term goals (Swanson et al., 2008).
In addition, people with ADHD may face difficulties cognitive such as problems in organizing tasks, planning and setting priorities, which it can generate maladaptive behaviors and problems in interpersonal relationships (Barkley, 2010). They may also experience learning and academic achievement difficulties, which can limit their career and employment opportunities throughout their lives (DuPaul et al., 2009).
On the emotional and existential level, ADHD can affect self-image and the ability to find meaning and purpose in life (Young et al., 2017). The interaction between neurophysiological, cognitive-behavioral and humanistic-existential aspects can have an impact significant in daily life, generating problems such as procrastination, stress, low self-esteem and emotional problems (Barkley, 2010). In some cases, people with ADHD may develop anxiety, depression, or other disorders. mood disorders due to the emotional burden and daily challenges they face (Kessler et al., 2005).
How is ADHD treated in adults?
ADHD treatment in adults usually combines medication, therapy and support. Stimulant medications, such as methylphenidate and the amphetamine, are common drug treatments (Kooij et al., 2010). Cognitive-behavioral therapy and humanistic-existential therapy may also be helpful in addressing the cognitive and emotional difficulties associated with ADHD (Safren et al., 2010; Young et al., 2017).
In addition, support from self-help groups and education about the disorder can improve understanding and management of ADHD in daily life.
It is essential to consider the cultural and social context in which the person with ADHD develops. to offer adequate treatment tailored to their needs (Stevens et al., 2013). The psychoeducational intervention, both for the patient and for his family and close environment, it is essential to promote understanding and acceptance of the disorder, as well as to develop effective coping strategies and symptom management (Kendall et al., 2010).
Regular follow-up with mental health professionals is essential to monitor progress and adjust treatment as necessary. Collaboration between the individual, their family and the treatment team is crucial to ensure that specific needs are addressed and a sustainable improvement in quality of life is achieved (Ramsay, 2017).
In conclusion, the adequate diagnosis and treatment of ADHD in adults are essential to improve their quality of life and functioning both in the professional and personal spheres. The interrelation between the neurophysiological, cognitive-behavioral and humanistic-existential bases stands out the importance of addressing ADHD-related symptoms and issues holistically. Collaboration between the individual, her family, and mental health professionals is key to achieving successful results in the treatment and follow-up of ADHD in adults.
Therefore, it is essential to promote a holistic and comprehensive approach in the diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of ADHD in adults to improve their well-being and support their full personal development and professional. Only through adequate and personalized attention, based on a deep understanding of the multiple dimensions of ADHD and its effects. in the lives of those affected, we can make a positive difference in their quality of life and help them reach their full potential.
