Jean-Paul Sartre e o existentialism
Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980) was a French philosopher of great importance I do not know XX.
His name is usually associated with a philosophical stream entitled existentialism, which defended that the human being first exists and only depois develops an essence.
He was an intellectual quite critical and misled by causes and skeptical thoughts.
He is also known for his relationship with another important thinker, Simone de Beauvoir.
Biography of Sartre
No day June 21, 1905 came to the world Jean-Paul Sartre. Born in Paris, the French capital, Sarte was the son of Jean Baptiste Marie Eymard Sartre and Anne-Marie Sartre.
Before completing two years of leaving his country, Sartre died and Sartre moved to eat his mother for Meudon, passing two maternal babies to the company.
His childhood was marked by the presence of many adults, who encouraged us to read and other arts. Assim, or Garoto was an avid reader and film fan.
Or the first college that he studied was the Liceu Henri VI de Paris.
In 1916 his mother married again and the family moved to live in La Rochelle, where he entered the school in La.
Four years later, he returned to Paris and in 1924 began his philosophical studies at the Escola Normal Superior de Paris. This is the moment that Sartre meets Simone de Beauvoir, as he develops a love relationship that lasts a lifetime.
In 1931 Sartre started teaching philosophy classes in the city of Havre. In the meantime, for two years he went to Germany to study at the French Institute of Berlim.
As a solo German or thinker, he knows the ideas of other philosophers such as Husserl, Heidegger, Karl Jaspers and Kierkegaard. Além disso, he is interested in phenomenology. All this theoretical basis will allow him to develop his own philosophical theories.
Later, Sarte participates in World War II as a meteorologist and ends up imprisoned in a Nazi concentration camp, being released for health reasons.
The experience of war transformed him profoundly, including his position on the ideas of individual freedom related to collective conditions of society.
Jean-Paul was always interested in social events and engaged politically, aligning himself with his old-fashioned thoughts. So much so that, in 1945, together with Reymond Aron, Maurice Merleau-Ponty and Simone de Beauvoir, he founded the magazine Les Temps Modernes, important post-war newspaper of esquerda.
In 1964, Sartre was never a world philosophical reference and was honored as the Nobel Prize for Literature. Meanwhile, or thinker refuses to receive it, you do not agree that writers were "transformed" into institutions.
At the age of 75, on April 15, 1980, or writer died a victim of another. He was buried in a cemetery in Montparnasse, in France. Later, Simone de Beauvoir was buried not exactly local.
Sartre, or existentialism and freedom
These were two exponents of existentialism, a philosophical stream of the XX century that originated in France.
I have a great influence on theoretical bases phenomenology The ideas of thinkers like Husserl and Heidegger, or Sartre's existentialism asserts that "existence precedes essence".
Ou seja, second ele, or human being, firstly, there is no world, only to build and develop its essence, which is molded during the entire process of existence of being a non-planet.
This line of reasoning challenges a divine conception of order and a primordial essence, placing not all responsibility for his actions and his life.
Assim, humanity is faded to freedom. This is because, even with the most adverse conditions, second Sartre, or little subject can monitor how to behave and face such situations, all because there is a human conscience. Even when a person decides "not to take an attitude", he also has an escort.
Dessa form, has ainda or feeling of anguish that such existence and freedom of geram, but nothing can be used as an element that justifies how or to be conducting your practices.
Outra idea that Sartre explores ma-faith, that I suggest that you deprive yourself of assuming responsibility for your existing existence, in reality, in a disgraceful manner, you are denying your own freedom.
A phrase quite associated with Sartre é "or inferno são outros", which exposes the conception that, even though we are free to determine our lives, we will strive as escorts and projects of other people.
Contudo, na major part of the time, as you escort two others são different das nossas, generating disagreements and placing us face to face as our own criteria, possibilities and paths that we decide follow, continue.
A work of Sarte
Sartre's production was very vast. Great writer, or intellectual deixou as a legacy of various books, stories, essays and theater peças.
His first publication of succession was written in 1938, or philosophical romance TOnausea. Nessa works are exhibited in a fictional way various existentialist principles, which later, in 1943, Sartre took up again in Or to be and or nothing, book of enormous relevance, or major of its production.
Other works that deserve to be highlighted are:
- Or wall (1939)
- a theatrical peça Between four walls (1944)
- Idade gives reason (1945)
- Com a morte na Alma (1949)
- Ace Flies (1943)
- Mortos sem grave (1946)
- To engrenagem (1948)
- To Imaginação (1936)
- A Transcendência do Ego (1937)
- Outline of a Teoria das Emoções (1939)
- Or Imaginary (1940)
- Or ensaio Or existentialism é um humanism (1946)
- Critique of dialectical reason (1960)
- As words (1964)
Or what does his legacy represent?
From Sartrian thought to Western society he began to think in a new way.
The context was post-war, and the ideas used by Sartre began to reformulate some concepts, overcoat for French youth, transforming or philosopher into a kind of "cultural celebrity" gives epoch.
His way to enforce the world, and deny values até então presuposos, shake your thoughts common people and traz à tona reflections about beliefs like or Christianity, a family and as tradições you dwell.
In addition, Sartre contributed so that the population began to enforce itself as a group of active individuals in the world, taking responsibility for its escorts and their consequences.
Além disso, as ideias do philosopher inspired popular revolts, like two French students in May 1968.
Despite currently Sartre's philosophy being revisited in another way by some thinkers, I still look at his ideas help the society to guide some thoughts and actions, especially not that I say I respect the year or collective attachment two individuals.
You can also be interested:
- Simone de Beauvoir
- Meaning of the phrase Know yourself
- To be or not to be, you are here
- Norberto Bobbio: life and work
- Livro O Mundo de Sofia
