Gender Dysphoria in Adolescents: its characteristics and effects

Adolescence is a period full of discoveries, changes, first times and new experiences. For all of us it is a time in which we have to face new realities and feelings, being able to generate problems related to anxiety, stress and the construction of an identity. If this stage is complicated for socially normative people, it is even more complex to navigate adolescence as a dissident adolescent.

Sexual dissidents may experience gender dysphoria at some point in their lives, a intense feeling of disconnection between the sexual body and the mental conception that one has of it and of the gender. Normally, this happens during adolescence, due to being the moment in which the first sexual explorations and identity questions take place.

It is important to talk about these realities that often remain invisible because they do not represent the majority of people. That's why, In this article we will try to give an informative view on gender dysphoria in adolescents., with the main objective of shedding light on this issue and generating knowledge and awareness.

• Related article: "The 3 Stages of Adolescence"

What is gender dysphoria?

Dissidence refers to the differentiation of the norm, to the experience of experiences that are not correspond to social and normative stereotypes about what is expected of each person and their role in the society. In this way, sexual dissidence refers, for example, to an experience of sexuality and gender in a way that is different from the norm; the heterosexual and cisgender.

In this sense, before understanding gender dysphoria framed exclusively during adolescence, it is important to define and delimit what gender dysphoria is. Gender dysphoria is a term used to describe the situation that women people who feel an incongruity between their gender identity and the sex assigned at birth.

Reviewing these concepts, gender identity refers to the way in which a person perceives themselves as a man, a woman, or some other gender outside of the binary spectrum. The sex assigned at birth is based on biological characteristics such as genitalia, chromosomes, and hormones, among others.

People who experience gender dysphoria may experience significant discomfort or distress from this discrepancy, having difficulties finding explanations for their feelings and not finding a place to fit in in society. This affects mental health, emotional well-being and social functioning and it is important to know about these realities in order to provide responses that meet the emotional and support needs of these people.

Gender dysphoria can manifest from childhood or arise later in life. Some people with gender dysphoria may choose to go through a transition process, which consists of in aligning their gender expression with their gender identity through social, legal and/or doctors. These changes may include the use of a different name and pronouns, changing dress and appearance, accessing hormonal and/or surgical treatment, and changing legal documents. However, not all people with gender dysphoria want or need to transition, nor are all transitions the same.

Controversially, gender dysphoria is classified as a disorder in the DSM-5 and ICD-11 diagnostic manuals. These manuals facilitate access to medical care and appropriate treatment for people with gender dysphoria. However, some groups and organizations criticize the pathologization of gender diversity and they demand recognition and respect for dissident identities without the need for a medical diagnosis.

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Factors and causes of gender dysphoria

Understanding adolescent gender dysphoria involves exploring a number of factors that may contribute to its onset. Although research in this field is constantly evolving, a combination of biological factors, genetic, environmental and social factors that could influence the way in which a gender identity develops individual.

1. Biological and genetic factors

First, possible biological and genetic factors have been suggested. Studies have examined differences in brain structure and hormones during development to understand how these may influence gender identity. However, it is important to note that biological factors are not absolute determinants and not all adolescents with gender dysphoria experience significant biological changes.

2. Social and cultural factors

In addition to biological factors, the social and cultural environment plays a crucial role in the formation of gender identity. Gender expectations rooted in society they can put pressure on adolescents to conform to traditional binary norms. This can result in a disconnect between internal gender identity and external expectations, contributing to the onset of dysphoria.

• Related article: "What is Cultural Psychology?"

3. Environmental factors

Adolescents can also be influenced by their family and educational environment. Support or lack of support in these settings can play a critical role in how adolescents perceive and experience their gender identity. Rejection or lack of understanding from family and friends can increase stress and distress from a teenager already struggling with dysphoria. Additionally, exposure to gender role models in the media and society can also have an impact. The pressure to comply with traditional gender roles can influence the perception that adolescents have about themselves and their ability to express their gender identity in authentic.

How does it manifest itself during adolescence?

Gender dysphoria is especially challenging during adolescence mainly because of the changes and developments in the body characteristic of puberty. A greater evolution of the sexual organs, the growth of the breasts, the appearance of pubic hair... When you do not identify with sex assigned at birth and every day you have to see a body that you don't feel represents you and that each time evolves towards where you don't want it to evolve can be terrifying and generate a lot of anxiety and stress that degenerates over time into more psychological and emotional disorders serious.

Gender dysphoria sometimes generates in the people who experience it a strong desire to get rid of these genitals or sexual characteristics developed during puberty, or attempting to prevent the development of these characteristics through hormonal or other techniques. Furthermore, this is sometimes experienced at the same time as the desire to have the genitals and sexual characteristics of the gender with which the person identifies. Outside of the body, people who experience gender dysphoria also often have a need to be treated as another gender, asking that the references to her/him/her be through the use of determined pronouns.

It is important to note that not everyone experiences gender dysphoria in the same way. Not all gender dissidents have the need to change their bodies or start hormonal and transition processes. It is important to listen to and understand each other and to know that each way of experiencing and living our sexuality and our gender is valid, as long as it is not based on self-destruction and punishment. Gender dysphoria can be very confusing and painful, but it creates the possibility of generate a relationship with ourselves and our identity built on solid foundations and insurance.

The importance of having support

Coping with adolescent gender dysphoria requires a comprehensive approach that includes emotional support, understanding, and appropriate treatment options. For teens who struggle with the disconnect between their gender identity and their assigned sex, it is It is essential to have access to an environment where they can safely explore their identity and receive support. necessary. Emotional support from family, friends and community is essential.

Teens who feel supported by those around them are more likely to face challenges with greater resilience. It is crucial that adults around adolescents educate themselves about gender dysphoria in order to provide an environment that is free of judgment and full of understanding.

Gender therapy is a valuable treatment option. Specialized therapists can help teens explore their gender identity, manage stress and anxiety, and develop coping skills. Additionally, therapy can provide a safe space to express emotions and concerns, which can be especially beneficial during adolescence. In some cases, teens may opt for medical treatments to align their bodies with their gender identity. Under the supervision of health professionals, these treatments may include hormone therapy and, in rare cases, gender-affirming surgery. These options must be carefully evaluated and discussed in depth with the medical team and legal guardians.

In summary, appropriate support and treatment are essential to help adolescents with gender dysphoria navigate this period of their lives. Providing an environment that is accepting, nurturing, and understanding can make a world of difference in their emotional and mental well-being. By continuing to promote an inclusive society that respects the diversity of gender identities, we can contribute to a more equitable and empathetic future for all adolescents. In the next section, we'll explore the challenges and obstacles that transgender teens may face in their search for authenticity.