Grafite: history, characteristics and works in Brazil and in the world

Considered by some as vandalism and by others as worthy exemplars of urban art, or graffiti (graffiti) It occupies the space of streets and democratically reaches all passersby causing admiration, rejection or indifference.

I know a little more about this artistic manifestation that crosses our lives every day.

Grafitismo: a arte do grafite

We have graffiti inscriptions or designs attached to me on a wall, a wall, a monument, a statute or on any element that is on a public road. In short, graffiti artists intend to intervene in the city, applying to their language in public spaces. Or objective is, mainly, to have a social criticism.

Grafite vem da Italian word "graffito", which literally means "written feita com carvão".

Or graffiti is, as a rule, very perishable at the time and under the circumstances one time that this type of work is not proprietary or vigilant.

Or work that the graffiti artists who produce live a duality between visual pollution and artistic work. Norman Mailler, an established North American writer, defined or graffiti as:

"A tribal rebellion against an oppressive industrial civilization"

Grafite vs Pichação

Há quem pergunte se o grafite é arte ou is a mere pichação. We tend to prove that the act of pichar is intimately linked to or vandalism and to the concept of destruction of public roads, insofar as the graffiti is related to a more positive knowledge.

Or graffiti is considered a street art made from a more complex technique. Elected by many as a bouquet of visual arts.

Em geral, os grafiteiros - as it is customary to be chamados - trabalham with cans of ink spray and, at times, stencil, especially during the early morning, for not be blamed for the police.

A big difference between graphite and pichação is given in terms of content: general or graphite is related to a imagem e a pichação se seals em a written by an individual or a group that assina many times is a character text political. Pichação is frequently associated with visual pollution and marginality.

When graffiti is part of the time it is valid with the authorization of the property owner, the pichação is mainly given with the authorization.

The types of graffiti

Or graffiti usually be divided into two groups:

• spray art, promoted as a spray, spread quickly, using simple and short forms or words;
• stencil art, made from a cartão with cut-out shapes that are placed in no desired location and received or spray ink. In ink it passes hairs orifices of the unhooked, which was later removed.

O perigo to graphite

In many countries, graphing public or private locations is considered an offense punishable by a fine or the same detention.

In Los Angeles, for example, the art of the street was fought hard. A prefeiture even launches an application so that people can report cases and receive rewards for gesture. Quem denounces that he can receive two thousand dollars. In 2016 there were more than 130 thousand claims and practically 3,000 square kilometers of art from rua foram turned off. The fines in Los Angeles for burning graffiti by graffiti ranged from one thousand to fifty thousand dollars. Quem risco runs or risco also to go to prison to serve a sentence between six months to a year.

Em Nova Iorque, for your time, a lei é mais branda. The burning of graffiti is subject to a small fine for one or two days of community work.

In Madrid, a fine for graffiti artists ranges from thirteen to six thousand euros, plus no risk of prison. In London, uma das capitais do grafite, I read it rigorously: with a fine of at least five thousand pounds and or infrator can be imprisoned for up to ten years.

A history of graffiti

Inscriptions on public walls are known since the Roman Empire. However, the art of graffiti was forced especially during the 1970s in Nova Iorque when a group of young people resolved to unveil brands in the city.

A key year for graffiti was made in 1968, when a countercultural movement emerged in the French capital that used walls to promote work of a political or poetic nature. See below examples of pichações feitas hair movement at the time:

O graffiti is closely linked to hip hop because this group uses the art of rua a linguagem to denounce oppression and a disadvantaged condition lived by a minority that tries to give a voice.

As time passes, the simple inscriptions are initially drawn with graffiti hairs, forming contours, cores and shapes.

The first exhibition dedicated to graffiti art was held in 1975, in Nova Iorque, not Artist's Space. Six years later, Diego Cortez organized another exhibition that was very important for the movement entitled New York / New Wave.

Or graffiti not Brazil

Or graffiti in the late 1970s, especially in the State of São Paulo, influenced by North American culture.

It is worth noting that we lived in a period marked by the censorship caused by the military leadership, by graffiti artists who were extremely courageous and transgressors.

From São Paulo to art was back, few years, for other States of the country. Discover now or not some of the two great names of contemporary Brazilian graffiti:

You gemeos

Authors of important graffiti, os Gêmeos (Gustavo and Otávio Pandolfo) saíram from São Paulo to win the walls of the world.

Eduardo Kobra

Born in the outskirts of São Paulo in 1975, Eduardo Kobra is one of the two greatest artists of the country, having made more than 550 works in Brazil and in other 17 countries.

One of his most famous works was “O Beijo”, produced in June 2012, in Manhattan, in the Chelsea region. A work fazia a re-writing of the photograph pulled by North American day laborer Alfred Eisenstaedt no August 13, 1945, which registered alegria do povo nas ruas as fim of the second war world. The Kobra panel was turned off four years later.

The mural below, with the image of the author Anne Frank, part of the project Olhar a Paz, on Kobra records historical personalities who fight against violence such as Ghandi, Einstein and Malala Yousafzai.

Cranium

Fabio de Oliveira Parnaiba, known as the world of arts like Cranio, was born in 1982 in Tucuruvi, São Paulo. His work was hit with strong social and political criticism and a personagem chosen to star in the serious murais foi o Indio.

Or graffiti no world

Um dos maiores nomes no universe dos grafiteiros maybe seja Jean-Michel Basquiat (1960-1988), um American that deixou mensagens poetics and criticisms us abandoned prédios of Manhattan no final two 1970s.

Another not important to this universe. Banksy, a mysterious Englishman who backs his fine art as a stencil around the world. His work is deeply marked by a social criticism from the contemporary scene.

Considered by many as o pai do stencil, Xavier Prou ​​(known as Blek le Rat) was born in Paris, em 1951, he began to illustrate the streets of the French capital from two years 1980 with mensagens de cunho political.

As gírias do grafite

Or universe of graffiti and characterized by a special language, a own terminology permeated with gyri, many of them imported from North American English.

Check out some of them below:

• Bite means to imitate or style of another graffiti;
• Crew I am given a set of graffiti artists who practice their art together and simultaneously;
• Tag é a assinatura do grafiteiro;
• Piece It is a graffiti where more than 3 cores are used;
• Toy I am given to an initiating graffiti artist;
• Spot é o place onde o graffiti e feito;
• Wildstyle It is a specific style of graffiti characterized by the use of interlaced letters;
• Free style é um trabalho livre, improvised em geral;
• Bomb É o not given to or illegal graffiti, feito por isso quickly and during a night. Burned face bomb he is called from bomber.

Discover also

• Discover the most fantastic and controversial works of Banksy
• The imperdíveis works of Roy Lichtenstein
• Romero Britto: works and biography