O Banquete (ou Simpósio), by Platão
Or banquet (also known as Simpósio, not grego Sympósion) is a fundamental dialogue in the work of Platão that traces as its main theme or love and friendship. I suppose that this work had been written between 385 BC. C. e 380 a. C.
During the banquet, Platão was not present to attend or dialogue, as soon as he had heard stories from third parties who were present or event. For this reason, imagine that some passages of the work had been invented or even distorted.
Summary and analysis of the work
The story begins with Apolodoro e um companheiro. Apollodorus wants to know how he found the house of Ágaton, or the banquet that brought together a series of illustrious figures from the Greek society and, through isso, awakened such curiosity.
Ágaton sai winner of a tragedy contest. No day gives delivery of the result, as ceremonies of the vitória reuniram uma multidão, for isso, noite to follow, Ágaton decided to offer to offer a meeting with the closest ones to celebrate the occasion.
Or the banquet ends up becoming a kind of competition where each intellectual present has a speech to praise or love. "O banquet" is, at the same time, a compliment to philosophy and a tribute to Socrates, Platão's mentor.
During the evening, six defining speeches about love will be presented. São eles:
1. Speech given by Phaedrus
Or first speech of the night and made by Phaedrus and treats of the nature of love and two serious benefits. For Phaedrus, Eros (Deus do amor) é o mais antigo dos deuses e because two maiores bens that are seen on earth. He gives love to a central place, of absolute prominence.
Second or intellectual, or love is a feeling that awakens or that makes me feel like a non-human being, as are his virtues. His speech is nothing but a huge compliment to love, as can be seen from the distance below:
"I affirm that either Love is two deuses or more ancient, or more honored and or more powerful for the acquisition of virtue and happiness between you, both in your life and in your death"
2. Speech given by Pausânias
Quem o segue é Pausânias, Ágaton's lover, who affirms that the fala of Phaedrus was a simple prescription of a praise to Love. And he tries, through his speech, to correct in the absence of companion.
For Pausânias there is no Eros, but two realities. Ou seja, second or lover of Agaton, there are two forms of love: ethereal and carnal. A etérea leads as ideias e é, por isso, a mais bela.
Be portanto uma only fosse this, um only serious or Love; As porém são duas, é forced that you do sejam também os Loves. And how are you not duas deusas? Uma, a mais velha sem dúvida, não tem mãe e e filha de Urano, and the one that we are from Urânia, Celestial; a mais nova, filha de Zeus e de Dione, chamamo-la de Pandêmia, a Popular. É forçoso então que também o Amor, coadjuvant of uma, is rightly called Pandêmio, or Popular, or another Urânio, or Celestial.
3. Speech given by Erixímaco
A third party is the Eriximaco doctor who, due to his profusion of him, defends his Saudi love, with balance and moderation. He affirms that he agrees with Pausânias's ideas about the duality of love, but this is because he attacked the idea badly and, for this reason, his words are an attempt to put up with an auction. His speech begins with the following reflection:
Ora, eu começarei pela medicine to minha fala, so that we also pay tribute to art. By nature, two bodies, as an effect, it bears this double Love; or sadio and o morbid são each one conscientiously a diverse and dismelling state, and or dismelling desserts and loves or dismelling. Um therefore it is love not that it is sad, and another not that it is morbid.
For Erixímaco, therefore, the art of love and the art of balance and the maintenance of saudável das forças do bem e do mau.
4. Speech given by Aristophanes
Quem takes the word apos or physician or playwright Aristophanes.
His story tells a brief history, second or writer in humanities haviam three genders: or masculine, or feminine and a third, androgynous. These beings were internally self-sufficient, but I decided that they would resolve to partake of them a year, in this way they would be condemned to eternal unhappiness for no more complete. Zeus spoke the following words:
“Now I have a good idea to make it possible for you to exist, but to stop it from bad weather, more fracos tornadoes. Agora as effect, I continue, I will cut you each time, and the same time they will be more fracos and also more useful for us, fato hair of se terem taken more numerous; e walk erect, on two legs. It is added that we will think about the arrogation and I do not want to accommodate, de novo, disse ele, we will cut you two, and also on a single person they walk, jumping. "
The result was tragic: from the condemnation that our mutilated nature craves for its other goal.
5. Speech by Ágaton
Or the fifth speech of the tragic poet Ágaton, or the winner of the home contest, who uses his speech to make beautiful word games. Second or poet, Eros, or love, serious or younger among all deuses and would be marked for his beauty, for his virtue and for his superiority in relation to his peers.
I say then that of all you deuses, that you are happy, or Love, it is lawful to say it is wrong in your life, or more happy, because it is more beautiful than that. Pray, ele é o mais belo for being as it follows. First of all, he is or mais jovem dos deuses, or Phaedrus.
5. Speech given by Socrates
Either speech to follow, or more awaited da noite, é or Socrates, considered or more sábio dos homens. Socrates game logo supersedes all the misconceptions that or preceded and affirms that, due to his perception of him, or love and desire in us, we only desire what we do not have.
Observe bem, Socrates continued, instead of a probability there is no need to stay the same, or that you want to want here that is lacking, I mean that you do not want, you do not want to be lacking. It is frightening as it seems to me, Agatão, to be a necessity; e to you?
For that reason or love, before you do, care and seek, look for here that we do not fear. On the contrary, tell them that you will omit your opinions of him previously, for Socrates or love it would not be a deus and sim uma intermediary entity between the home and the deuses.
5. Speech made by Alcibiades
Lastly, I burned Alcibiades, who dedicates his words solely and exclusively to Louvar Socrates and the previously mentioned speech:
"Your porém gives him different as soon as he is a small point, that he is instruments, with simple words, faces or the same. We feel less, when some other person is the same as a perfect speaker, to fail other matters, absolutely because of this, no one is interested; When, why is it to you that somebody ouve, or words you refer to by outro, even that seems internally vulgar or that is falando, woman, homem or adolescent, we are stunned and we are powdered. I know less, gentlemen, I do not believe that you are intoxicated, I would count on you, on oath, or that I made two speeches from this homem, and I am still now. When I hear you, much more than years ago in their transports beat me or heart, and tears me Escorrem on or made two serious speeches of him, inasmuch as other very very old that he experienced the same sentiment; ao ouvir Péricles porém, and other good orators, eu achava que falavam bem sem dúvida, but nothing of similar eu felt "
Após a fala de Alcibiades is closed or present dialogue or banquet, which brings together six internally different verses on the properties and characteristics of love.
Background view of O Banquete
These are the intellectuals gathered at the house of Agathon (Agathon), a disciple of Socrates, to celebrate a victory in a tragedy contest. São eles: Fedro, Pausânias (Ágaton's lover), or Erixímaco doctor, or Aristophanes playwright, or Alcibiades politician, Aristodemo e, or most important of all, Socrates.
While they are gathered, eating and drinking excessively, the themes of love and friendship (philia) are placed on the agenda. Each participant then defends his / her own particular character.
As Platão was not present I did not find, Apolodoro relates that he passed over to Ágaton's house. It is through this classic style of dialogue that we know by knowing or that was passed on during or encountered.
As interventions are held in the following order:
- Phaedrus
- Pausânias
- Eriximacus
- Aristophanes
- Agaton
- Socrates
- Alcibiades
Nessa height, Platão já had its own academy in Athens (the fora founded in 387 BC). C.) and received all kinds of aspiring intellectuals. The institution of ensino was a framework in western culture and through the past great names of philosophy.
A major difference is not the teaching project of Platão dizia respecting the learning learning methodology.
Enquanto to didactic of outrora stimulates that the content of decorated fosse, the teachings of Platão tinham as objective convey the idea that the knowledge was something alive and mutavel that should be absorbed without understanding and not merely repetition.
Quem foi Platão?
Platão nasceu com o nome de Arístocles in approximately 427 BC. C.
Platão was possibly given a name in reference to a physical characteristic (I think it has a long border).
He was the son of a noble family from Athens, he was the son of Ariston. The period in which Platão was born was marked by democracy. When the intellectual saw the world or country was at war. Na Carta Sete, a few records of his life, Platão affirms that he was born to be a politician.
Meanwhile na youth he conheceu Socrates, from which he saw to be a disciple. Indignant as the death of the master, Platão continued in front, honoring or being part of him and his teachings. He practiced for many years the dialogues and became, above all, a great intellectual.
Leia O Banquet
Or banquet It is available in full in Portuguese in PDF format:
Conheça also
- Aristotle: life and principal works
- Mito da Caverna, from Platão
- Livro Apologia de Sócrates, by Platão
- Livro O primo Basílio, by Eça de Queiroz
- Phrase Know yourself
- 25 poems by Carlos Drummond de Andrade
