Surrealism: characteristics and main genres of movement

In 1924, in Paris, André Breton (1896-1966), French writer and poet, wrote a manifesto depois de cut relações with Tristan Tzara, leader of the Dada movement, and also surrealism, for many last big days avant-garde.

Or what is it or Surrealism?

O Surrealism was an avant-garde artistic movement that started in Paris and promoted a true aesthetic renovation. Apart from impacting the world of plastic arts, or surrealism also reverberates, not cinema, literature and theater.

You are the main artists of the foram group Salvador Dalí, André Breton, Max Ernst, René Magritte and Joan Miró.

At the origin of Surrealism

O Surrealism emerges in Paris, in 1924, and is backed by a Europe after World War I extending-was tied to World War II. Porém, due to the influence of this chegou movement, na verdade, I tied years of our days.

Or thermo Surrealism

Despite the thermo surrealism being associated with Breton and his manifesto, this previous one was originally used by Guillaume Apollinaire (1880-1918), French art critic and writer, in 1917, no prologue da sua freckle

As Tires of Tirésias.

Surrealist works and main artists

Max ernst

Max Ernst (1891, Brühl, Germany - 1976, Paris, France) was two pioneers of Dadaism first and depois of Surrealism, standing out through painting, but also poetry.

In addition to Germany, Ernst actively participated in World War I, something that left deep marks, not home to him and eventually influence or artist.

A exposition that Ernst suffered the horrors of the fizeram war that even more often revolted against the society and values ​​of the time.

His work is characterized by an over-all exploration of the absurd, fantasy scenes and two dreams of the world.

Long of his artistic life he experimented with various techniques, such as collaging or frottage, and was greatly influenced by the art of Native American tribes.

Salvador Dali

Salvador Dalí (1904-1989, Figueres, Spain) is the most famous two surrealists and or some of him happened to be, as tempo, synonymous with movement.

Therefore, around 1937, due to an alteration in style and also due to Dalí's political beliefs, Breton ended up expelling the artist of the surrealist movement.

Dalí is also the most controversial in his work and notorious for the influence of the world, dos sonhos.

In expressing his art, it was predominantly through painting and sculpture, but over the years his life was also experiencing other forms and techniques.

His brand was deixed including no cinema, given his collaboration in two films with Luis Buñuel (1900-1983, director of Spanish cinema): A Chien andalou (Um Cão Andaluz) in 1929 and L'Age d'or (To Idade do Ouro) in 1930.

Besides a revolutionary artist, Dalí was also a genius at the time of self-promotion and a true home of the show.

Thematically, his paintings surround three main themes: the universe and the sensations of home, sexual symbols and ideographic images.

Most of his work consists of a sequential representation of a dream, something that he achieved. Exercising your mind to oil or subconscious as part of the conscious and also pulling your inspiration.

For Dalí, the dreams and imagination were fundamental for the creative process, as well as he defended a variant of automatism, a kind of paranoia.

This process of paranoia or artist would have to embark in a hallucinatory state to raise, suspending his rationality despite not being aware of it.

See a complete analysis of the painting A Persistência da Memória by Salvador Dalí

Joan Miro

Joan Miró (1893, Barcelona, ​​Spain - 1983, Palma de Maiorca, Spain) is two of the most influential artists of the 20th century. The most known works of the artist are paintings, but Miró also produced as a sculptor, designer, ceramist, etc.

Like other artists, Miró passed by, was influenced and created his brand in various movements, having started hair Fauvism, depois hair Dadaism, Surrealism and Abstractionism.

In his artistic life, he praticou or automatism in painting he tried to make more possible than conventional, and also to attack the established bourgeois principles.

Thus his paintings represent mostly biomorphic forms, semi contrast, and thematically são composições that recall for a crossing between the phantasmagorical world and two dreams.

With his innovative compositions, Miró influenced his contemporaries and untold artists of later generations.

René Magritte

René Magritte (1898, Lessines, Belgium - 1967, Bruxelas, Belgium) was a Belgian artist and two more than internationally acclaimed surrealism, despite its Chegarian fame barely two years seculum XX.

Despite being two artists most associated with Surrealism, Magritte's works are quite far from Dalí's illusionism and Miró's strongly influenced works by automatism.

For Magritte, it was not so important that the work showed, more here than it concealed, or its second intentions.

For him it was important to represent the mystery and also many of his pictorial compositions of him presenting human figures as a face. covered by tecidos, deixando or spectator eternally curious and unsatisfied by never being able to unveil what is undergoing desses panos.

During his artistic life, Magritte traveled several times in the same theme and also used famous works by previous artists, creating the same surrealist version.

O humor also played an important role in Magritte's work. Um example disso é a A Traição das Imagens, in which a hookah was painted with extraordinary realism, for the depois or artist to place at the bottom of this description "Isto não é um cachimbo".

Na verdade will be able to argue-I know that nem a imagem nem a word, that a disbelief as a negative, são um cachimbo. They are only abstract representations of the object that is absent.

Assim, in an apparently simple way, Magritte obriga or espetador to think, to question. I know that the artist himself is not considered a painter, but a thinker who expresses himself through images.

Take the opportunity to explore também or artigo 10 works to understand René Magritte.

Surrealistic Desenho

As painting or automation does not work as well as in other forms of artistic expression, other techniques used to achieve this spontaneity of creation.

Um desses examples foi o frottage, which consisted of passing a pencil, for example, on a rough surface, thus creating non-supportive forms and from the day it was raised on site.

A decalcomania

Another example is decalcomania, which can basically be summarized as a technique in which a quantity of ink was drawn against a cloth or paper that was left folded a year. This process results in a pattern of ink that the artists use to create the work.

Other forms of artistic expression are used and experienced, always in an attempt to explore at maximum creative freedom.

Characteristics of Surrealism

To the importance of the unconscious

Or do I state that Breton Escreveu was inspired by not free from Freud A Interpretação dos Sonhos. A work or intellectual explores the idea that the human mind has a hidden level, or unconscious, also called for a greater part of the time not in terms of its existence.

Assim, or Surrealism desejava exceed this limitation of conscious, allowing the subconscious to express itself through art.

Or automatism

OR automatism It has become one of the characteristics of Surrealism, this being the defense of artistic expression without limitations or control of reason.

To achieve this goal, artists fizeram including artistic creations while being trans and hypnotized.

Na practice or automatism consisted of transport for or paper, cloth or any other mode of artistic expression, um thought or sound directly from the subconscious, sem control aesthetic or moral concern.

The objective was for artistic creation to become automatic (damage or thermo-automatism), as well as how we breathe or blink we think. It was an attempt to revolt against the established norms, not only art, but also in the social sphere.

Or learned from other cultures

Surrealism artists frequently incorporate images and objects from other cultures, especially more primitive days.

This attitude is full of all anti-colonial and anti-racist intentions.

Or creative process

OR cadavre exquis It was a creative process based on a game, not different artists created or created poems together.

For isso the work and passing from one to another, and each artist has gained a new piece of work to achieve the final result.

Another process of alternative artistic construction was o objet trouvé (found object) invented by Marcel Duchamp (1887-968) who was a French painter, sculptor and poet, and two principal names of Dadaism.

Importance of the subconscious for the surrealists

Surrealists credit that an artist's born non-subconscious creature was more authentic and powerful than a conscious one. And we were also interested in exploring linguagem two dreams that credited us revealed hidden feelings and desires.

In a general way, the idea was to be or more spontaneously possible, something that in writing or writing was revealed more or less easy, more nem as much as painting, because being a more complex technique does not allow so much spontaneity.

Or objet trouvé

In a simplified way, objet trouvé means the use of everyday objects and servants For a specific purpose, which will be withdrawn from its environment and purpose, I have given it novo.

No Surrealism to this premise and accentuated or touch of absurdity, it gives superposition of improvavel and bizarre, as it is or case of joining a lake to a telephone, or not a case of Meret Oppenheim who covers a xícara and a colher with hair.

This form of artistic construction also places everyday objects that normally are not we will find together, and together, causing disturbance and in the wrong way, helping to stimulate or unconscious.

It was a fair position between the family (or common object found) as improvavel and absurd (a new purpose, cenario or superposition that was impost on the object).

Surrealism not Brazil

O Surrealism has not found much echo in Brazil and has never materialized in an organized movement. In any case, it is possible to appoint some artists who will feel influenced by working hair who are being little outsiders.

You know nationally that perhaps tenham approximated more of surrealism based on Maria Martins, Ismael Nery and Cícero Dias.

As sculptures of Maria Martins

A sculptor Maria Martins (1900-1973) lives a greater part gives life to the United States and chegou same a integrate or surrealist movement becoming friends with André Breton and other great names like Max Ernst.

Os pictures by Ismael Nery

Já o plastic artist Ismael Nery (1900-1934) fez a carreira no Brasil, but he was quite influenced by surrealism thanks to the period in which he studied in Paris. The artist contacted you as the great names of the group.

As paintings by Ismael Nery

As a story similar to that of Ismael Nery, or from Pernambuco Cícero Dias (1907) he also took contact as surrealism when he moved to Paris.

Foi in 1937 that he became a friend of two main exhibitors of the surrealist group, and this proximity ended up influencing his work.

Conheça also

• The most memorable fabrics of Salvador Dalí
• Instinctive works of surrealism
• Works to understand Marcel Duchamp and Dadaism
• Dadaism, find out more about or movement
• The main works of Joan Miró to understand the costume of the surrealist painter
• The most impressive pictures of Hieronymus Bosch
• Works to Know Jackson Pollock