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Independence of Mexico: short summary

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Independence of Mexico: short summary

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Throughout the nineteenth century a series of revolutions in the american colonies of the Spanish Empire, these revolutions would end the independence of several countries, forever changing the American landscape. One of the most important independencies was that of Mexico, which managed to separate from Spain thanks to a long process. Due to the great importance of this event, today in this lesson from A Teacher we are going to offer you a short summary of the independence of Mexico.

Revolutions always appear for a set of causes and antecedents that make it impossible to continue to endure the situation, therefore to understand the origin of the independence of Mexico we must know the antecedents and the causes that originated it.

What we now know as Mexico was conquered by the Spanish when they came to americain the fifteenth century. For three centuries, Mexico was one of the American colonies of the Hispanic Crown, being called the Viceroyalty of New Spain.

Throughout these three centuries there were many actions that were making

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the natives were unhappy with the Spanish. These causes that had as their final cause the beginning of the revolution are the following:

  • The expulsion of the Jesuits, very dear in Mexico.
  • The Social inequality between the different races is one of the issues that most influenced the revolution. The Spanish by birth had a greater influence than the Creoles, Indians and mestizos.
  • The influence of the Enlightenment of the French and American revolutions. These liberal ideas influenced the decision to seek independence.
  • The invasion of Spain by Napoleon. This situation caused great political instability.
  • The Bourbon reforms, which in the long run caused serious economic problems in New Spain.
Mexican Independence: Short Summary - Background and Causes of Mexican Independence

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To better understand this short summary of the independence of Mexico we are going to divide this long process into three parts to cover from 1810 to 1821.

The first of these stages It is the one that goes from 1810 to 1815, that is, from the beginning of the war until the execution of José María Morelos y Pavón. We could say that this period is that of start of the war and that of the organization.

In 1808, when Napoleon took Spain, the Spaniards who lived in New Spain lost great power, which the Mexican patriots took advantage of to start the Mexican war of independence. The war was officially called on September 16, 1810, with the Grito de Dolores, when Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla He and his men rang the bells of the parish of Dolores to call to arms all those who wanted the independence. The announcement of the war was partly a consequence of the Conspiracy of Querétaro, a movement that sought to gather weapons to confront the Spanish authorities, but that when discovered by the Spanish caused the Grito de Dolores.

The first battles of the war were great victories for Mexicans, but after not being able to take Mexico City, his thrust was decreasing. In 1811, at the Battle of Calderón Bridge, the Mexicans were defeated by the Spanish, and the leader of the Mexican troops, Hidalgo, was shot.

After this defeat, the Mexicans sought to achieve a good organization Hidalgo's successors they were José María Morelos y Pavón and Ignacio López Rayón. Morelos proved to be a great general by winning numerous battles both in the south and in the center of the country, taking provinces, and causing the national movement to take shape.

Even with all his victories Morelos could not escape death, being captured and shot in 1815. His death was a severe blow to the independence movement, but the fight continued.

The second stage of the Independence of Mexico goes from 1815 to 1821, that is, the entire period in which the struggle became a war of resistance, based on the use of guerrillas.

This stage is marked in his early years by a absence of great leaders, since most of the high positions had been shot. The situation of the Mexicans was very poor and they could only continue to resist with small guerrilla attacks. The weakness of the Mexicans could be seen in the number of people who asked the Spanish Crown for pardons, thinking that the war was lost.

The Spanish dominated thanks to Felix Calleja, a Spanish military man who took advantage of the situation of the Mexicans to try to end the war. It was during this period that the Mexicans lost the last important areas they had dominated and that made the war appear to have ended in favor of the Spanish.

But the appearance of two soldiers returned to balance the scale, they were Agustín de Iturbide and Vicente Guerrero. Both decided to unite when in Spain there had been a liberal uprising caused by Rafael de Riego, which had made the king swear the Constitution of 2012. This situation caused the Creoles to join the war, which greatly increased the support of the Mexicans against the Spanish.

All of this caused the Plan Iguala, an independent document proclaimed by Agustín de Iturbide that was based on three basic principles: social equality, maintenance of the Catholic religion and the independence of Mexico.

Independence of Mexico: short summary - Second stage: from 1815 to 1821

The last stage occupies the end of 1821, being the conclusion of the Mexican war of independence and the moment in which the independence of Mexico is consummated. After the signing of the Iguala Plan, all the Mexican rebels joined Iturbide's army, which made the Spanish Crown lost the war.

On August 24, 1821, the Treaty of Córdoba was signed, which gave Mexico independence and said that Creoles and peninsulares had the same rights. Shortly after the act of independence of Mexico was signed, becoming the First Mexican Empire.

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