15 examples of justification of an investigation

Research in science are fundamental projects to obtain advances and new knowledge that allow us to better understand the world, managing and dealing with all kinds of phenomena.

But investigations are not a spontaneous phenomenon: they require planning, design and, especially, a reason that justifies their being carried out. This rationale must be particularly compelling in cases where financial and other means are required for the investigation to begin.

For this reason, before starting a scientific project, it is necessary to develop a justification for that research. Next we will see different examples of justification for an investigation and what questions they must answer.

• Related article: "The 15 types of research (and characteristics)

What is justification in an investigation?

The justification for an investigation is the part of a scientific project in which the reasons and arguments that have led the person behind proposing it and wanting to carry it out are exposed. This justification must be added when writing the work in writing, normally appearing at the beginning of it, both in the abstract and in the theoretical introduction. Its objective is to try to answer what, how, why and for what purpose the investigation has been carried out.

Therefore, the justification part is something fundamental that all scientific work must explain, since it is provide the reasons that have led one or more people to decide to start the research that in the article or book expose. These are the reasons that are considered to make research useful and beneficial to the scientific community. It is very important to indicate in it what benefits for the common knowledge it can suppose to carry out or to have carried out such research, as well as to advance in the understanding of a certain knowledge as its applications practices.

As its name indicates, the justification of an investigation is the part that justifies the work, that is, within this one must highlight a series of arguments that must be valid and powerful enough to prove the need to carry out the investigation. When it comes to demonstrating that the work will be useful, there are many options for arguing and defending such research.

Among the most common we have the fact that This research will allow science to advance in a specific field of knowledge, something that serves as a precedent for more complex and larger investigations to be developed in the future. It can also be indicated that the research will serve so that what has been discovered can be applied as a solution to an important problem for society.

Another interesting argument used in the justification of an investigation is that, from what has been discovered in it, a new method of something that was already known to be solved but which will be cheaper, that is, the research will allow the development of a new system face a certain problem but lowering costs, improving efficiency or reducing resource consumption, improving the quality of life of people who could not afford to pay the classical method or promote social and educational changes without having as an obstacle the liquidity of money.

Several examples of justification for an investigation

Now that we know what the justifications of an investigation are and what questions they must answer, using solid and valid arguments, we go on to see several examples of justification of an investigation of different areas. Most come from real research, only here is a summary of the part of the introduction that explains a bit about the background of the field to be investigated and what are the reasons, objectives and arguments that have led the research team to delve into this thematic.

1. The effects of television on the behavior of young people

"Television has become the most influential medium in the development of behavior and thinking patterns in children and adolescents of the around the world, some of them quite disruptive (violence, aggressiveness, lack of respect towards teachers and other adults from reference...). The relationship between television and youth behavior is suspected, but no clear causal link had been identified.

This article is intended review the evidence in favor of the hypothesis of the harmful effects of television, trying to understand more fully the effect of this means of communication in the audiences more young people, their repercussions on a social level and defining what a more television should be responsable".

2. Local development and microfinance as strategies to attend to social needs

"Today, states are involved in two important processes but seen too much at a global level: economics and politics. It is common to make the mistake of leaving aside the local, a sphere that, focusing on the economic aspect, cannot be understood without understanding the nature of small-scale social development (family, neighborhood, town ...) and the small economic transactions that take place in it: the microfinance. Although microfinance has been largely ignored, it undoubtedly influences socio-economic policies, albeit often in unexpected ways.

The development of a society cannot be approached only at a global level, but also paying special attention to the local and trying to understand microfinance in its multiple dimensions: economic, social, environmental, political, cultural and institutional. The objective of this article is, precisely, to explore these dimensions, addressing the different theoretical approaches to the notions of local development and microfinance in order to establish them as tools for attending to the socioeconomic needs of people with minors resources.

Since needs and the ability to meet them are indicative of the poverty of society, These seemingly insignificant socio-economic aspects should be included in the political agenda, in order to understand and design better intervention strategies for the most disadvantaged people ”.

3. Expression of rabies virus G protein in carrots and corn

"Rabies supposes great economic losses, both in cure methods and in prevention vaccines. Current vaccines are difficult to access and acquire for the population of developing countries, since the logistical or economic resources are not available for the entire population to be vaccinated against this pathology. Because of this, it is necessary to develop new rabies vaccine alternatives, made with resources that can be obtained in countries with mostly subsistence economies.

Among the advantages of plant-derived vaccines we have lower costs in production, storage, transportation and distribution. Furthermore, it is possible to administer plant tissue to human animals without the need to purify the protein of interest. For this reason It is of interest to find out how the G protein of the rabies virus is expressed in vegetables, specifically in carrots and corn., plants widely cultivated throughout the world. "

4. Comprehensive use of crustacean waste

“Every year the shrimp industry discards hundreds of tons of crustacean remains, specifically the exoskeleton (the shell) and the cephalothorax (head). These parts contain a substance, chitin, which could have applications in the preservation of highly perishable foods, such as fresh fruits.

At present, several methods have been used to preserve fruit and not all of them are respectful with the environment. The objective of this research is to determine if the application of a biofilm of chitin and chitosan, obtained by green chemistry, is beneficial to extend the useful life of fruits and propose it as a new ecological method in preserving the crop, since these two substances are neither harmful nor aggressive for the environment ".

5. Reduction of depression in old age through reminiscence therapy

"There are few works on the modification of autobiographical memories with different age groups. However, some research has suggested that recovery-based life review of autobiographical memories is effective in modifying such memories in people with depression.

This work is based on the results of several studies that indicate a significant reduction in the symptoms of depression in elderly people who have been subjected to a program with individual reminiscence sessions, a program that promotes recovery from positive events and negatives. The objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between depressive symptoms in old age and the characteristics of autobiographical memoriesIn other words, what role do the memories obtained that explain reduce the symptoms of depression have?

6. Adherence to pharmacological treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes

"Diabetes mellitus is a disease strongly determined by genetics, in which the individual presents alterations in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fats, with a relative or absolute deficit of secretion of insulin. Between 85 and 90% of patients with diabetes mellitus are type 2 diabetic and it is chronic.

We understand as adherence to a treatment the behavior of the patient when it coincides with the prescription, taking prescribed drugs, following prescribed diets or maintaining lifestyle habits healthy. Adherence to a treatment is important to evaluate the clinical evolution of a pathology. Studies indicate that 50% of people with chronic diseases comply with their treatment, with several risk factors for this not being the case.

We consider it important to identify in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus what is the frequency of therapeutic non-adherence, how it is related to control metabolism in addition to detecting more precisely which are the most common associated risk factors, in order to carry out programs aimed at changing their behaviour in order to encourage following the treatment that has been prescribed".

7. Relationship between family climate and school climate

“Classic studies, such as that of Bernstein in the 70s, point out that the negative or positive attitude of the adolescent towards the teaching staff may be determined by the perception that their family has about the field educational. Both the family environment and the attitude towards authority in one's class seem to be two factors of very important when explaining violent behavior in adolescence in the context school.

Taking this into account, the main objective of this work has been examine the relationship between both contexts from the adolescent's perception of the family and school climates, analyzing the role played by different individual factors in the interaction between these two contexts ".

8. Prevention of gender violence in universities

"University faculties are not places free from gender violence. As a social problem that it is, gender violence affects women of all social classes, ages, cultures and economic levels, and overcomes the classic stereotypes associated with those who suffer, why and where they are produces. It does not matter if it is a socio-economically unfavorable context or if you are in the most select private university: violence against women is everywhere.

Therefore, the purpose of the present investigation has been analyze the existence of gender violence in Spanish universities and identify and develop measures that can help prevent it, detecting the main foci, motives and contexts in which it is more likely to occur in the university population ".

9. Linguistic study in children with Down syndrome

"This final degree project focuses on the Down's Syndrome, specifically in delimiting the basic capacities that people with this intellectual disability possess, looking at the literacy processes during Primary Education.

The purpose of the study is obtain information that may be of help to families with a member with this syndrome, in order to help them progress taking into account their language skills and develop resources that allow the acquisition of theoretical-practical skills to be able to progress labor, social and personally".

10. Effects of the implementation of a VAT system in the United Arab Emirates

"The six member countries of the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (CCEAG) agreed to launch a common market to increase investment and trade among their members. To facilitate this proposal, the countries agreed to implement a value added tax (VAT) system by 2012.

It is very necessary to evaluate the basic principles and the social and economic implications that this new measure could have before it is officially applied.. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the proposed VAT system and what repercussions socio-economic factors could imply for the Gulf countries, in addition to identifying possible risks and developing strategies preventive ".

11. Study on the benefits of reading aloud to students

"One of the more traditional pedagogical techniques is reading aloud to students. One student reads aloud, while the others follow the reading in their respective books, being pending which line is leaving and, in case the teacher so requests, switch to another student to read aloud high.

Although classic, the benefits of reading aloud and listening for content acquisition in class have not been fully evaluated. Among the suspected benefits of this technique we have that the student not only learns to control the volume of his voice or knows how to project it in a public context such as the class, but also, if you have to listen, it allows you to improve your capacity for active listening, internalizing knowledge academic.

The objective of the present investigation is to find out to what extent these suspected advantages are real, and see if the method of reading aloud to students, both by the teacher and by one of them, improves comprehension skills and nurtures the student's critical thinking, following the class more and wondering about the content while simultaneously acquiring it ".

12. Project to increase production in Chino Winds

"Before 1992 the Yavapai ranch was exploited in a traditional way. About two-thirds of the ranch was not fenced and a rather simple irrigation system was used. Cattle ran free all year round within this portion of land, with little control over what ate and without exposing potentially fertile areas that could be used for growing fruits, vegetables and cereals. The favorite areas of the cattle were those near the water sources, wasted as there was no complex irrigation system to irrigate the entire property.

The poor exploitation of the Yavapai Ranch is surprising since, taking into account its potential profitability, it turns out to be a great wasted production opportunity. The reason for this project is to improve the irrigation system and make better use of the land, waiting for a greater increase in production and consequently a greater obtaining of income that defrays the costs of investment. What's more, by controlling grazing it is expected to improve the vegetation cover of historically exploited areas in the ranch although passively ".

13. Teaching mathematics and understanding its usefulness in real life

"Until today, the way of teaching mathematics has focused on giving the student a definition or a formula, showing them an example of how to use it and hoping that they know imitate it, without explaining or having the certainty that they understand what they have to do, nor promoting the development of the creative and integrating capacity of the student. Memorization is emphasized more than comprehension. Traditional tools do not provide the tools to investigate, analyze and discern the problem.

The main objective and motive of this project is to make students learn to use mathematics in their day to day, learning that they are useful for all kinds of areas beyond the subject of mathematics: economics, technology, science... Thus, it is proposed to give them real examples, in which they themselves have to use their knowledge and resolution capacity to propose a resolution process, talking to each other or communicating in the most precise way all its processing mental.

The justification for this project is the large number of students who, after being explained what to do or what formula to apply, detach it from reality itself. There are not a few students who when they finish the mathematics course it is as if they had not learned anything, in the sense that they are not able to see the relationship between what they have learned in that subject and their life real. The subject of mathematics is not in the curriculum to teach useless content, but to make it easier for people to understand reality and solve real-life problems, like any other subject ".

14. Sockeye salmon reproduction study in Canada

"The objective of this study is to observe and analyze the habits of the sockeye salmon from the Fraser River (British Columbia, Canada). The justification for this research is that, due to global environmental changes and the increase in water temperature, it has been found that the population of this species In this area it has changed, with no certainty that the species is out of danger and even suspecting a possible risk that sockeye salmon could end up being a species threatened "

The incidence of human beings on this species is well known and historical, since the exploitation of natural resources in its Habitat and other economic activities had already dramatically modified the ecological niche where salmon grow and reproduce. red. Knowing what the adaptation and change processes of this species have been more specific conservation programs may be developed, in addition to initiating environmental projects that prevent the total disappearance of the sockeye salmon ".

15. Justification of the treatment and use of laboratory animals

"The use of animals in scientific research is something historically seen as necessary since the ethical codes that protect people from taking part in experiments without their consent or from any kind of harm, both physical and mental. Although necessary to some extent, animal research has opened many debates, since the use of non-human animals is done to test techniques that would never be used in humans, such as implanting disease, testing potentially dangerous drugs, or removing parts vital.

Despite the fact that throughout the 20th century and what we have been in the 21st, multiple ethical codes have been developed in which the treatment ethics of laboratory animals, the simple fact of using them without their consent is an aspect that animal movements do not go through high. Research should be carried out only if there is a clear scientific purpose, and that involves minimal harm and suffering to the animal.

This point is not the justification for actual research, but rather what is deemed necessary to justify research using animals. The scientific purpose of the research must have great potential benefit for scientific knowledge at the cost of suffering, preferably not very serious, of the animal. The species chosen must be the most suitable, not in danger of extinction or protected by law and that they know how to treat them in the least stressful way possible but that implies some kind of benefit scientific".

Bibliographic references

• Afonso, R. and Well, B. (2010). Reminiscence with different types of autobiographical memories: effects on the reduction of depressive symptoms in old age Psicothema, 22 (2): 213-220 Universidad de Oviedo Oviedo, Spain.
• Durán-Varela, B.R., Rivera-Chavira, B. and Franco-Gallegos, E. (2000). Adherence to pharmacological treatment in patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. National Institute of Public Health.
• Moreno Ruiz, D., Estévez López, E., Murgui Pérez, S. and Musitu Ochoa, G. (2009). Relationship between family climate and school climate: the role of empathy, attitude towards authority and violent behavior in adolescence. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 9 (1): 123-136. University of Almería Almería, Spain
• Valls Carol, R., Torrego Egido, L., Colás Bravo, P., & Ruiz Eugenio, L. (2009). Prevention of gender violence in universities: assessment of the university community on care and prevention measures. Interuniversity Journal of Teacher Training, (64), 41-58.
• Mballa, Louis Valentin. (2017). Local development and microfinance as strategies for attending to social needs: a theoretical-conceptual approach. Mexican Journal of Political and Social Sciences, 62 (229).
• Sarabia-Bañuelos, P. et al (2015) Comprehensive use of crustaceans: obtaining chitin and chitosan from their cephalothorax and exoskeleton by ecological methods and carotenoproteins for human consumption. (Doctoral thesis) National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico D.F.
• Rojas-Anaya, E. (2009) Expression of the G protein of the rabies virus in carrots and corn and its evaluation as an oral immunogen (doctoral thesis) Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F.
• Calderón-Bernal, E. (2015) Linguistic study in children with Down syndrome. (Final Degree Project) University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
• Escobar, Marithza. (2006). The effects of television on the behavior of young audiences from the perspective of convergence and cultural practices. Universitas psychologica, ISSN 1657-9267, Vol. 5, no. 2, 2006, pp. 205-222. 5.
• Al Mehrezi, M. TO.. (2013). Effects of implementing a VAT collection system in the UAE as a whole and Ras Al-Khaimah Emirate specifically
• Kleeck, A.V., Stahl, S., & Bauer, E. (2003). Reading Aloud to Young Children as a Classroom Instructional Activity: Insights From Research and Practice.
• Griñón, M. (2009). Mathematics and its didactics II. Course 2009-2010. University of the Basque Country. Taken from: http://www.ehu.eus/ikastorratza/5_alea/casas/casas.pdf
• Healey, Michael. (2011). The cumulative impacts of climate change on Fraser River sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) and implications for management. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 68. 718-737. 10.1139 / f11-010.
• Festing, S., & Wilkinson, R. (2007). The ethics of animal research. Talking Point on the use of animals in scientific research. EMBO reports, 8 (6), 526-530. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.embor.7400993