Literary genres: understand what I know and see examples

Literature is a very rich and diverse expression. It encompasses various literary genres, which are types of literature that are combined in structural and thematic terms.

These genres are classified in three categories: lyrical, narrative and dramatic.

Each um presents some subgenres, such as sonnet, poetry, haikai and satire in the lyrical genre, which features subjectivity and metaphor.

No narrative genre, the one that involves the construction of stories, themes or romance, novel, epic, fable, chronicle and short story.

There is no dramatic genre, which is related to the theater, there is tragedy, comedy, tragicomedy, farce and auto.

The lyrical genre

The texts of the lyrical genre are poetic and trace them as a mark of subjectivity, highlighting the emotions and points of view of the author or author, often in a symbolic manner and not metaphorical.

Poems, sonnets, haikais and satires only lyrical texts. The poem is all literary construction formed by verses and stanzas, while the sonnet is a specific type of poem, characterized by 14 verses, being two triplets and two quatrains.

The haikais are short poems of Japanese origin that trace great reflections in few words. Finally, satire is a literary form devoid of irony and debauchery that can be done in verses or in prose.

Separation SonnetIt's an example. Nele, the poet Vinícius de Moraes exposes all the sadness and inadequacy that exists in a love separation.

At the moment in which a married couple loses their face, there is a great mourning, an irreparable loss, where it is necessary to make peace with solidity and oil the impermanence of life. Thus, the author manages to translate into words a common and distressing event that all people are prone to experience one day.

Sonnet of separation (Vinícius de Moraes)

Suddenly do riso fez-se or soon
Silent and white as a mist
E das mouths joined fez-se to foam
And you give your hands the palms, fez-se or fright

Suddenly it calms down fez-se or wind
that two eyes disfed the last girl
E da paixão fez-se o presentimento
E do imóvel moment fez-se o drama

suddenly nothing more than suddenly
Fez-be sad or fez lover
E de sozinho or that fez contente

Fez-se do friend close, distant
Fez-a wandering adventure comes to life
Suddenly, nothing more than suddenly

See that too haikai by Fanny Luíza Dupré, where she deals with inequality, misery and suffering in childhood.

tremendously cold
no black asphalt street
the upbringing chora.

(Fanny Luíza Dupré)

The narrative genre

The narrative genre is a type of literature that involves a story with characters and a narrative. here you are romances, stories, chronicles and fables.

Romances are texts that tell a story, generally long, in which there are characters and a plot. These are also stories, but they are succinct and objective.

The chronicle is also part of the narrative genre. When assembling the story, he normally traces daily events, with a character that is often journalistic.

Já the fables are narratives loaded with fantasy and symbology, which many times cross generations.

A standout romance in contemporary dining is, for example, Torto Plow, book released in 2019 by Itamar Vieira Junior from Bahia.

The story tells of two girls who live in the northeastern sertão and have their lives intertwined after a traumatic event.

Esse é um Romance Powerful that draws strength, resistance and sensitivity to dealing with social quests. Check a stretch below.

When I retired the faca da mala de roupas, bewitched by a piece of old and bitter fabric, with dark nodes and one no medium, she was just over seven years old.

Minha irmã, Belonísia, who was with me, was a new year. Shortly before the event, we were going to the old house's terreiro, jumping with little bones made of ears of corn colhidas the week before. Let's take advantage of the palhas that we have never loved to dress feito roupas nos sabugos. Let's say that the bonecas were our daughters, daughters of Bibiana and Belonísia.

Ao percebermos nossa avó se astarar da casa pela lateral do terreiro, we smelled in signal that the land was free, for em He then said that it was time to find out or that Donana was hiding in her bad skin, in my clothes surradas com cheiro de gordura rancid

(Plowed Torto, by Itamar Vieira Junior)

As an example of counted, let's draw E tinha a cabeça cheia delesby Marina Colasanti. Or small full text or book Tales of Torn Love, from 1986.

The author shows the love and care of one of her mothers to wander the hair of the daughter in search of children. Here, a common situation (and seen as unpleasant, because there are children is not something positive) is charged with affection.

Every day, at the first sun of the morning, my daughter and daughter sit in the soleira da porta. And deitada a cabeça da filha no colo da mãe, começava esta a catar-lhe piolhos.

The aged fingers know his task for him. As we vissem, we patrol the hair, separating the strands, squaring between the hairs, exposing the clear bluish color of the hair. In a rhythmic alternation of their mace tips, we sought out minuscule enemies, lightly plucking with fingernails, in a cafuné caress.

As the face is tucked in, I don't darken the cloth of my mother's skirt, the hair spilled over the head, the left-over daughter will become languished, As for the drummed massage, the fingers seemed to penetrate her head, and the crescent heat of manhã she between dates eyes.

It was perhaps due to the drowsiness that invaded her, a lazy surrender that submits to other fingers, that he perceives nothing of the manhã – except, perhaps, a slight pontada – when to me, Devastating the gullible or secret redoubt of the neck, he was sure that he was lying between the pole and the indicator, pushing towards the length of the black and shiny hair in a gesture of victory, extracting the first thought.

(E tinha a cabeça cheia deles, by Marina Colasanti)

Carlos Drummond de Andrade is a great name for Brazilian literature and explored various types of writing.

em sua chronicle furto flower, the writer from Mineiro narrates a "contravenção" in which he steals a flower from a garden and accompanies its excision until it is completely murchar.

In wanting to give a worthy destination for the flower, he receives a rude response and in dissonance with his perception of nature.

Furtei uma flor daquele jardim. The porter of the cochilava building and the flower furtei. Trouxe-a para casa e colocei-a no coco com agua. I felt that she was not happy. The flake is intended for drinking, and the flower is not for drinking.
I passed to the glass, and I noticed that she was thanking me, revealing her delicate composition to the best of my ability. How many novelties there is in a flower, let's contemplate them well. Being the author of the theft, I will assume the obligation of conservation. I renewed the glass of water, but the flower paled. I feared for her life. No adiantava restituí-la ao jardim. Nem appeal to the flower doctor. Eu a furtara, eu a via morrer.
Já murcha, e com a cor particular da morte, peguei-a docemente e fue depositá-la no jardim where unbuttoned. The porter was attentive and scolded me:
– What an idea for yours, to see playing at home in this garden!

(Furto de Flor, by Carlos Drummond de Andrade)

or dramatic genre

The dramatic genre is the one that traces a story to be enacted, rather than theater. Nesse type of literature has the slopes: tragedy, comedy, tragicomedy, farce, e auto.

These subgenres have different characteristics. In the tragedy the events narrated are, as or by name, tragic. The end of these stories tends to be sad.

In comedy, the one that is explored is humor (usually with a hopeful ending) and in tragicomedy there are comic and catastrophic aspects, creating a fusion between the two aspects.

A farce and the auto are more valued literary styles and with greater prominence, being that the first is short and very humorous and the second has a religious and moralistic tom.

A famous tragedy in western culture is Oedipus Rei, written in 427 a. c. by Sophocles, one of the two most important Greek playwrights of antiquity.

A peça represents the myth of Oedipus, who, cursed by the gods, fears as his destiny to kill his father and marry his mother. The story has a disastrous end, or that fits the slope of tragedy.

OEDIPUS: Was she the one who gave you up as a child?
SERVO—Sim, meu rei.
OEDIPUS — And for what?
SERVO — So that eu a matasse.
OEDIPUS — Uma mãe fez such a thing! Cursed be it!
SERVO — Assim fez, fearing terrifying prophecy...
OEDIPUS What prophecy?
SERVO — That little boy should kill his father, just like that...
OEDIPUS — And why then hand him over to that old man?
SERVO — I felt sorry for him, senhor! I asked this man to leave for his land, for a distant country... Vejo now that the salvou gives death to a worse fate! Well, if you are that upbringing, you know that you are the most unhappy two men!
OEDIPUS Horror! Horror! Oh my! It was all true! Oh light, that eu vex you pela derradeira time! Filho maldiçoado that I am, cursed husband of my own mother... and... cursed assassin of my own country!

You may also be interested:

• Best Brazilian stories commented
• Best poems of Brazilian literature
• Funny Chronicles by Luis Fernando Veríssimo
• Fantastic stories to understand the textual genre