Or what is the Bauhaus Art School (Movimento Bauhaus)?

A Bauhaus Art School, started in Germany (more precisely in Weimar), vigorous from 1919 to 1933 and became the most important and influential institution of its kind. They are the precursors of modernism and the beginning of the Bauhaus movement.

Bauhaus marked an important period in art history, when artists came to realize that the machine was not the only one to blame for the remaining quality of two products.

Together, the members of the group começaram to try to establish a new relationship between the crafts and the industry. It is about a true exercise of cultural renewal. The students of the school were stimulated both in a formal artistic and in an integrated manner as a craft.

At the origin of the Bauhaus School

The Escola Bauhaus was founded in Weimar, in Germany. Before the birth of the School of Fate, its founder, Walter Gropius, had never participated in initiatives that sought to strengthen the link between artists, merchants and industries.

At the time of the Vinha period, he was highly influenced by the Russian and Soviet avant-gardes. Walter Gropius is the head of the group and the first director of the School.

instagram story viewer

Also joining the Bauhaus group were professors of names such as Kandinsky, Klee, Feininger, Schlemmer, Itten, Moholy-Nagy, Albers, Bayer and Breuer.

Um two ideas in a row for the School is present in a phrase by Louis Sullivan:

"A forma segue a função."

The Escola intended to disseminate a modern philosophy of design in more diverse areas, always praying to the maximum or concept of functionalism. Among the areas of atuação two professors were teachers of more different areas. Inside you Bauhaus courses, stand out:

architecture
decoration
painting
sculpture
Photography
cinema
theater
bleat
industrial design
ceramics
metal work
têxteis criações
publicity
typography

The school project was important for several aspects: because it courageously used the machine as an instrument worthy of the artist, because Faced with the problem of mass production of design and, mainly, because it brings together a series of artists with different talents every day. different areas.

In 1933, the Nazi government ordered the Bauhaus school to be carried out. It was considered by many to be a communist institution especially because it sheltered teachers, students and Russian officials.

As removals at the Bauhaus

In 1925, the Bauhaus left Weimar and migrated to Dessau, where or the municipal government was from Esquerda. This is why he reached his maturity, both in structural terms and in pedagogical terms.

Seven years later, in 1932, Bauhaus moved to Berlim due to Nazi persecution. Not to follow, the Escola was decreed by two Nazists.

The same apostle or confinement, many teachers, students and officials will continue to be persecuted by the totalitarian regime.

Além das alterações de espaço physical, to Escola passou by structural changes. Walter Gropius, or founder, joined the project in 1927. It happened to be Hannes Meyer, who commanded the instituição de ensino in 1929. Finally, quem tomou posse foi Mies van der Rohe.

Or what does Bauhaus mean?

Or literal meaning of the Bauhaus word is "construction house".

Bauhaus features

A Escola tinha has an innovative proposition and breaks as a classical ensino gives art to or stimulates the production of objects that are prioritized as a final result.

Here are some of the main characteristics of the multidisciplinary teaching institution:

Non-functionalism focus: the work deve ter um purpose and serve the;
A work must be capable of being produced on a large scale and for any type of public;
Second to the orientation of the school itself, it was important to stimulate "the habit of thinking, idealizing and projecting the productive process for the sake of it";
Or artesato must stop being an isolated meio to become an essential meio to become a fim;
Despite the school presar or functionalism, or it was intended to create works that are kept distant from any kind of tea or weariness. Embora os produtos tivessem many times simple contours, it was supposed to surpreenderem or user, for example, through the cores.

Or ensino second to Bauhaus

Paul Klee schematized, through concentric circles of four layers, how it works or is intended for the School. The Bauhaus curriculum diagram was published in the Bauhaus statute no year 1923:

Bahaus Curriculum Diagram (1923) by Paul Klee. — Bauhaus Curriculum Diagram (1923) by Paul Klee.

Bauhaus Furniture

Apart from investing in architecture in plastic arts, the teachers and students of the School create a series of movements following the lessons learned.

Find some of the most famous fish:

Cadeira Vermelha e Azul

Gerrit Rietveld created the famous Vermelho e Azul cadeira in 1917 and served as an inspiration for Mondrian's painting.

The breeder was a filho of a manufacturer of armários and from many years ago he began to project movements to or side of the country. In 1917, he inaugurated his own business and imagined the first prototype of the cadeira, which would be made in maciça wood, without any painting.

Some later later, Rietveld decided to give cor a peça escorting to pay homage or also a collaborator of the movement, Mondrian.

Aninhadas tables by Breuer

Ferro tube table created in 1928, design by Marcel Breuer.

Marcel Breuer, Hungarian-American architect and designer, uses to work with tubular and metallic structures, not only on cadeiras but also on tables.

A mobília acima is a typical example of the desire of the master in reconciling art and industry.

Muitas das suas peças de him são monochromatic, or a set of tables, however, foge a regra.

Cadeira Barcelona

A cadeira Barcelona was created to participate in the German Pavilhão da Feira Internacional de Barcelona in 1929.

Originally compost in couro, with possible two parts (or at the cost and or support for your feet) and visa to reach the maximum possible comfort. The work is part of the largest interior design project that includes other pieces of furniture.

Despite appearing to be complex, it allows for production on an industrial scale.

Wassily easy chair

Developed between the years 1925 and 1926 by the North American architect of Hungarian origin Marcel Breuer, it was originally feita com aço (support tubes) and couro. In the beginning, a cadeira was produced by the Austrian company Thonet.

O nome da cadeira (Wassily) is a tribute to my colleague Wassily Kandinsky, also a professor at the Escola Bauhaus. Some of the first few baby animals were made from tubular steel, which were then attached to part of the mobile design.

Bauhaus objects

Despite less knowledge than furniture, the Escola team also projected some original and creative objects.

Tabuleiro by xadrez de Hartwig

Or tabuleiro de xadrez idealized by German designer Josef Hartwig and innovative because the layout of each fish indicates the type of movement that it is capable of performing.

At the height at which he was raised, Hartwig was the chief of the office in charge of the school and pensou. In raising or object with small dimensions (or tabuleiro measures 36 cm by 36 cm and or rei tem 5 cm in height).

A creation is a typical Bauhaus example because it seeks to add functionality and beauty. Two original tabuleiros raised German hair on the face of the MoMA (Nova Iorque) collection. I have looked at replicas of the breeding that can be found in the market.

Abajur Wagenfeld-Leuchte (ou Bauhaus-Leuchte)

Abajour — Abajur bred by William Wagenfeld.

A simple and geometric lighting that follows being a Bauhaus icon and composed by a glass and metal dome and represents the technological phase of the School.

At the bottom of the page I have learned more about Wagenfeld, who care about social concern and wishes that your fossem children are accessible to all and any public.

Marianne Brandt's Chaleira

At Escola he was so versatile that he cared about the creation of everyday objects such as a chá infuser.

Created by Marianne Brandt, it has a built-in filter, double non-dripping and resistant to heat. The body of the object is mainly composed of metal, high and made of ebony. Or bule is another example of a School that combines functionality and beauty.

Bauhaus artists

The School was composed by artists from more diverse areas. Among the most consecrated are:

Walter Gropius (German architect, 1883-1969)
Josef Albers (German designer, 1888-1976)
Paul Klee (Swiss painter and poet, 1879-1940)
Wassily Kandinsky (Russian plastic artist, 1866-1944)
Gerhard Marks (German sculptor, 1889-1981)
Lyonel Feininger (German painter, 1871-1956)
Oskar Schlemmer (German painter, 1888-1943)
Mies van der Rohe (German architect, 1886-1969)
Johannes Itten (Swiss painter, 1888-1967)
László Moholy-Nagy (Hungarian designer, 1895-1946)
Josef Albers (German painter, 1888-1976)

Bauhaus architecture

The architecture supported by the School sought simplified and defined forms and lines for the function of the object. Era or principle of modern design and clean.

As edificações do genre generally have simplified and geometric contours. Many two buildings are raised by pillars (pilotis) causing the illusion of being suspended.

Example of elevated construction on pilotis.

The Bauhaus project almejava achieves an intimate relationship between architecture and urbanism and stimulates or predominance of straight lines and geometric solids.

Another feature that is quite present is the fact that the walls appear smooth, dark, generally on the white, leaving or leading the way for the construction structure.

Bauhaus and Tel Aviv, the capital of Israel

The teachings of the school originally raised in Germany are quite widespread in the capital. Israelense, which currently has a greater number of buildings built second or Bauhaus style not world.

A ganhou fôlego trend in the 1930s, led by German Jews who act as herança or Bauhaus architectural rationalism. Quickly or style he found sympathizers in the second largest city of Israel.

In 2003, a specific area of the city (known as Cidade Branca) was declared a World Heritage Site for Humanity second to Unesco. A region brings together more than 4,000 buildings erected following the same style. O nome Cidade Branca faces a reference to cor das construções.