Existentialism: philosophical movement and its principal philosophers

O existentialism was a philosophical stream that emerged in Europe and extended to other countries at the goal of the 20th century.

Nessa linha de raciocínio, or main theme is the interpretation of two human beings in their associations as the world that surrounds you.

Jean-Paul Sartre is generally the most famous philosopher when he talks about existentialism, having contributed greatly to the diffusion of these ideas in the 1960s.

Or existentialist philosophical movement

Or existentialism considers that a human being is free by nature and that before any type of "essence", as people primarily exist. Assim, this is a philosophical stream that places on you individuals all responsibility for or rumo that their lives take.

An existentialist philosophy emerged in the years following World War II. O responsável pela criação do termo foi o French philosopher Gabriel Marcel (1889-1973).

Meanwhile, this way of enxergar o mundo e o indivíduo já was present in works of more intellectuals. Antigos, like or Danish Søren Kierkegaard, or German and Friedrich Nieztsche and Ainda or Russian writer Fiódor Dostoevsky. Além disso, a vertente inspired-se também em outra, a

phenomenology.

It can be said that existentialism was also a philosophical "movement" and a "style of thought", once its authors did not identify themselves as thermo.

Foram many ideas and issues that these intellectuals will address, from anguish, to freedom, to death, or absurdity and the same difficulty to relate.

It is considered as the "boom" of existentialism in the 1960s, when the French Jean-Paul Sartre and Simone de Beauvoir greatly influenced or thought French.

Sartre was, inclusive, or responsible for the publication in 1945 of L'existentialisme est un humanisme, with a translation for "O existentialism é um humanismo", which delimits the bases of the movement.

Top existentialist philosophers

Søren Kierkegaard (1813-1855)

Kierkegaard was a Danish intellectual, philosopher and theologian of the first goal of the XIX century.

He is considered or a forerunner of "Christian existentialism". He accredited that human beings have free arbitration and total responsibility for these, denying the notion of an eternal soul.

Either povo pede or power gives word to compensate or power of free thought to be chosen. (Kierkegaard)

Martin Heidegger (1889-1976)

Heidegger was born in Germany and was an important philosopher who owes his continuity to Kierkegaard's ideas.

The instigation or thought about the notion of "to be". His investigation of him is about or human being, burn him and what he wanted. Dessa form, Heidegger inaugurates new philosophical preoccupations, more turned to own existence.

Morrer não é um event; It is a phenomenon to be understood existentially. (Heidegger)

Friedrich Nieztsche (1844-1900)

This thinker was born in Prussia, currently German, and has a great impact not the thoughts of future philosophers.

A philosophy presented by him fought the idea of ​​Deus and Christian morality. He aims to renew social and cultural values. Desenvolveu o conceito do "Superhomem" (Übermensch), who argued that there was an ideal model of human being to be followed.

He also disagreed about the fact that he chamou of "transvaluation of two values", in which he questions values, principles and beliefs of human beings.

Or that she wants her not to belong to life and to love her. (Nieztsche)

Albert Camus (1913-1960)

Born in Algeria when he was under the domain of France, Albert Camus became a philosopher who was classified as an existentialist, despite denying such a label.

His line of thought encompasses questions about the absurdity of human condition, searching for meanings for the continuation of existence in a "humanly impossible" context.

In one of his famous works, Or myth of Sisyphus, it says:

There is only one really serious philosophical problem: or suicide. Julgar is life is worth or is not worth living and answering the fundamental question of philosophy.

Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980)

The philosopher born in France and his existentialist ideas had a great impact on the society of his time.

Sartre was a weighty name that gives rise to philosophy, influencing and transforming Moorish values, especially among the French youth after the Second World War.

Or inferno são os outros. (Sartre)

Approve your knowledge by reading: Sartre e or existentialism.

Simone de Beauvoir (1908-1986)

She was a French philosopher and activist. It integrates também or group of existentialist intellectuals. She used this stream of thought to defend a new perspective on feminine condition.

It is attributed to her by a certain phrase:

It is not born a mulher, it becomes a mulher.

To know more about a thinker, read: Simone de Beauvoir: biography and main works

Art-educator, visual artist and photographer. Graduated in Art Education from the Paulista State University (Unesp) and trained in Photography from the Pan-American School of Art and Design.