Gothic art: summary, meaning, painting, stained glass, sculpture

Gothic art began in France, in the twelfth century, with the construction of cathedrals. Later, a transcendent gothic aesthetic or universe gives architecture to win other spaces (to painting, to sculpture, or to painting, you are stained).

Gothic arts: summary

Or gothic style tem uma gênese no religious context (Cristão), not by chance as the first Gothic constructions formed as urban cathedrals, erected from the doações of the growing bourgeoisie.

The gothic thermo was used to peel off the theoretical hair for the first time Giorgio Vasari, in Italy, not sixteenth century. Até então those who want to refer to the style diziam that it was a French aesthetic, sem maiores adjectives.

The gothic thermo has originally a negative conotação, associated much to a pejorative notion that is tinha of this genre até então. Gothic aesthetics only came to be seen as bons olhos only from romanticism (not the beginning of the XIX century). Many two artists dessa geração turned to the past re-signifying this type of aesthetics. Goethe, for example, placed a delayed olhar on German Gothic cathedrals.

The historical context of the gothic birth

The eleventh and twelfth sections are of profound social transformation due to the expansion of trade and the improvement of feudal society. I tried to um bonança period, as a prosperous economy, which provided a world that is increasingly interlinked (as communications are beginning to unfold by narrowing distances).

As people will continue to concentrate more and more cities and understand that they need to build large buildings - as catedrais - to shelter their loyal public.

As catedrais dessa epoch is a symbol not of power of igreja as it gives rise of the bourgeoisie, which provided the construction of two huge buildings through high buildings.

During this period we observe the emergence of the first monarchies, the first large cities and the growth of a powerful bourgeoisie composed mainly by merchants and bankers.

Or what does gothic mean?

A gothic word was used for the first time to peel Italian intellectual hair Giorgio Vasari during the sixteenth century.

Gothic, I see the thermo Godos, a thing that destroyed ancient Rome in 410. Or thermo, therefore, it was originally used so depreciative to refer to something obscure, barbarians.

Gothic art features

We can summarize some of the guiding characteristics of Gothic art by following us:

• uma nova philosophy of construction based on harmony
• verticality: a mathematical evolution allows you to build higher fossems (after this impulse, I was or wanted to communicate as divine, checking closer to the ceu)
• the importance of light (due to isso or abusive use of janelas and vitrais), allowing the interior of the building to be more illuminated
• Attention to detail, valorization of decoration both internal and external to us buildings

The types of goth

A series of scholars customarily divide the Gothic into the following phases:

• Primitive Gothic (or Proto-Gothic): são as first ideias da esthetics, possible serem identified in the initial period, nas construções as Abadia de Saint-Denis
• Full Gothic (or classical): now as a technical domain and the most consolidated style, a series of erected foram buildings. This phase is marked by huge chairs
• Late Gothic: depois da peste negra (not secular XIV), the countries passed through severe economic crises and ficaram constructions subordinated to more modest conditions

Gothic architecture

In terms of Romanesque architecture (which precedes Gothic) invests in horizontal lines, or Gothic style was responsible for building from a logic of verticalism. Ace thinner and lighter walls Thanks to new years, mathematical calculations will allow ever higher constructions.

The Gothic buildings with the presence of towers (muitas delas as sinos) and pontoon arches. Nessas construções we observe a plant with a unified space, inside (in contrast to two different spaces that exist in a Romanesque construction).

The first Gothic-style cathedral was the Royal Abbey of Saint-Denis, in Paris. A work of reconstruction of the ocorreu abbey between 1137 and 1144, under supervision of Abbot Suger. Other examples of Gothic constructions são: a Notre-Dame de Paris, Notre-Dame de Amiens, Beauvais Cathedral and Chartres Cathedral.

Na gothic architecture we verify uma special attention to decoration both internal and external Fazendo use of human elements, animais and da flora. There are many decorative sculptures, pinkish mutes decorating towers, porticoes and many gargles on the outside of the building (at times decorating or water sculpting system).

In spatial terms, it is frequent or use of curved arches, which uses diagonal structures to distribute or weight, and a sequence of arches especially not vaulted and ogive. TO geometrization two spaces, by sinal, is a constant nesse type of architecture.

Another important element is the proliferation of janelas, many of them com a presence of vitrais, leaving or interior space much more illuminated.

Initially embora a Gothic architecture related to a religious context, logo or public buildings and private aderiram à esthetic - foram construções such as municipal chambers, palaces, hospitals and houses of bourgeois.

Gothic painting

This genre of painting emerged in 1200, practically half of the century from which Gothic architecture has taken the first steps.

A Gothic painting reached its apex between 1300 and 1350 and became independent from architecture, having initially been used not inside the catedrais. Later, this type of painting managed to develop the religious space occupying other places such as palaces and castles.

In terms of style, it is possible to affirm that there is no drastic break and dated in comparison with the style of painting that was practiced previously.

Each painter follows as his or her own DNA, we can summarize the produção dessa geração as a painting more somber, more emotional, mainly religious. The great names of the Foram period, the Italian Giotto (1267-1337) and the Belgian Jan Van Eyck (1390-1441).

Gothic sculpture

Used on top of the cathedrals, the Gothic sculptures were seen initially not from the exterior of the constructions - on facades, portals, and on supports that make them stand out.

Submitted from the fourteenth century and it is possible to verify or use more sculptures not inside two buildings.

Customary scholars categorize Gothic sculptures in four large groups:

• statues-coluna (initially placed near the ombreiras do portal)
• sculptural relief (postas no tympano do portal)
• round sculpture (statues of devotion)
• funeral sculpture (used to adorn burial mounds)

Gothic stained glass

Initially regarded as an important element of the architecture of the catedrais, or Gothic stained glass carrega forte symbolic weight.

In technical terms, you display pieces of colorful glass joined by a prickly pear structure. It is possible to implement two windows thanks to technological innovation that allow the liberation of a series of load-bearing walls or construction weight.

You will begin to develop in 1200 and reach the apex in 1250. They were an important element of construction because they allowed us to enter very light buildings before dark.

Composted from a geometric art, you always see images of biblical representations embora at times also appear abstract illustrations.

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