Apologia de Sócrates, from Platão: summary and analysis of the work

Socrates' Apology This is a work by Platão, a philosopher from Grécia Antiga, being a version of two speeches given by Socrates in 399 BC. C., during or July that he was born.

Not prosecuted by Meleto, a poet of the time, Socrates was accused of corrupting youth and not respecting religion, venerating new divinities. Platão, who was a friend of his, eternalized the words uttered by his sable grego before he depois da condemnation à morte.

Book summary Socrates' Apology

Socrates speaks before the Athenians and two sophists are demarcated, announcing that he does not intend to manipulate and use rhetoric to convince, he just tries to tell the truth. Announces that a more reputation or persecution for years He spent years critical numbers, stating that he was aware that many ali were negatively influenced against him.

Explain that you started to go to Delphi as Xenophon, when or a friend perguntou to the oracle who was or homem more knew that he existed and he answered that he was Socrates. O philosopher passou a viver em função da

search gives wisdom, making a conclusion that no one has stopped, an idea summarized in his famous phrase "I know that I do not know anything".

Through his investigations, he conversed with great figures in the intellectual and political life of Athens, not drawing on writers and artists. By refuting his arguments and superficial findings, Socrates was awakening to the fury of many cities. At the same time, you young people will come to copy his inquisitive position, or that he piorou a situation.

Assim, he went on to be accused of diverting youth behavior and worshiping false deuses, receiving money to transmit his teachings. When he interrogates Meleto, or poet who moves or processes against him, or knows he will dismantle the accusations.

Like the one sentenced to death, Socrates does not implore for life, declaring that he is not afraid to die and that no regrets two serious of him. Finally, he declares that those who vote against him will always be planted by isso.

As accusações e o julgamento

Logo does not begin with his speech, Socrates shows his great knowledge about what he or she assisted them, guessing at their interrogations and the accusations that he addressed.

Rebutting from the logo, he states that he does not intend to lie and manipulate:

But, among the many lies that they will spread, uma, above all, I admire: that one peels what disseram that you must be careful not to be deceived by me, as a skilled homem not to fail.

But, then, don't you be ashamed of what logo will be denied by me, com fates, when you introduce me to you, in a nenhum skilful way? Essa seems to me to its greater impreudência, it is still not called "skillful not to fail" that which is said to be true.

He requests that you attend to a message in the form of his words, evidencing that he will simply fail the truth, and he begins to explain that he has been at a very short time. alvo of criticism and pageantry.

By fate, he knows that many ali cresceram listening to stories about "such a Socrates, homem douto, speculator of celestial coisas" that the comedian Aristophanes representedou walking nas nuvens.

Also, be fully aware that it will be difficult, in a short time, to get rid of a negative image that has been built, year after year, by serious opponents.

Ora bem, Athenian citizens, I must defend myself and undertake to remove from your mind, in a short hour, at the most opinion held by you for a long time. Certainly, I would like to get it, and it would be so good, for you and for me, defending myself, obtivesse some benefit; more old to difficult coisa, and bem percebo why.

This is what he mentions or process moved by Meleto He claims to be based on Calúnias, because he does not worship new divinities and gains life by corrupting the minds of two young people. He also takes the opportunity to show that, in contrast to two sophists, he does not persuade anybody for money.

- Socrates - said to accusation - commits crime corrupting young people and not considering as deuses or deuses that the city considers, above all, other new divinities.

He goes on, depois, to explain that if he is in a situation and due to wisdom, pois é "risked being wise". O philosopher tells that, during a visit to Delphi, Xenophon perguntou to a oracle What was it or homem more I knew that he existed and this lhe answered that he was Socrates.

To hear those words, or to ask yourself what it means to be wise. For this reason, he decided to talk with all those who were considered wise, realizing and explaining that they have certainties and knowledge that ultimately does not exist.

Dialogue between Socrates and Meleto

Or behavior began to provoke raiva and uncomfortable among you Athenians of various trades that will decide to punish it:

Assim, I thought, being ambitious and resolute in a large number, and failing at me concordant and persuasively, you enchem ouvidos caluniando-me at a very short time and with persistence. Among these, they attacked me Meleto, Anito and Licon: Meleto hair poets, Anito hair craftsmen, Licon hair speakers.

Meleto were two poets who felt humbled by their conversations as a philosopher. During the meeting, Socrates takes advantage of his presence to question him and try to prove his innocence. Initially, he pede-lhe to indicate to the homens that we are young, melhores e o outro no responds.

Assim, he began to list names of Athenian figures of more diverse occupations, which his rival confirms several influences. Socrates shows that it is something pessoal, since for Meleto all the examples were bons, less or less of him. Depois, he explains that a Someone is influenced, I know you want:

But, ou I have not corrupted you, ou, I have corrupted you, and involuntarily, and in both cases you lied. And, you were corrupted involuntarily, you do not have to tell me to trace here somebody, because of such involuntary facts, but to do so, I have led him in particular, instructing, or warning;

He then goes on to expor as contradictions not speech of the poet about his supposed religious beliefs, which he simultaneously accuses of being an atheist and accrediting em demons. Socrates concluded, desse jeito, that these are the fruit of "medo, intemperança and juvenile leviandade".

In defense of Socrates

Perante or that he argued as an adversary, or thinker reflects on true root of the problem: or hate that has been fed by him: "a calúnia e a insídia do povo". Despite dissatisfaction, he affirms that he was not ashamed of two serious cases, since he fulfilled or wished two deuses.

Socrates was aware that he could face a capital punishment and did not beg for his life from him; contrary hair, he expresses that I am not afraid of death.

Nobody knows, nothing true, I know by chance to death no more than everyone else is for or homem, and in the meantime everyone fears, as it is known, it is certain, that he or she is more than two evils.

However, he tries to tell the Athenians that his contribution to that society and the messages that he transmitted were beneficial to all those who heard us, even though they were enraged. It also increases that, if I survive, he does not intend to change his behavior.

Everywhere you are persuading everyone, young people and young people, not to worry exclusively, and nem tão ardently, as a body and as wealth, how to worry-eat the soul, So that she can see how much possible it is, and you say that virtue does not give rise to wealth, but it gives virtue to see, aos homens, as riches and all other bens, both public and private.

The philosopher reveals that he lived a life dedicated just to these matters, leaving aside the serious concerns in giving me virtue and conhecimento. Guarantor, aliás, that or your state of current poverty é prova disso mesmo.

Never, at least, falei de dinheiro; but equally I lend myself to question the rich and the poor, when someone, responding, wants to ouvir or what do I say. And some of them becomes melhor, or does not become not posso be responsible, because I did not promise, nem dei, nesse sense, nenhum ensinamento.

After asking where are these young men who were corrupted by him, Socrates reveals that he was three filhos, but he refused to trace them: "no farei vir here nenhum give them for you to pray to minha absolvição ".

Assim, instead of imploring, he declares that he preferred to remain calm and argue with rationality, trusting that you cidadãos farão that é fair.

Final speech depois da sentença de morte

In this second part of the work, we find Socrates reaction I hope to discover that he received capital punishment. Instead of showing his surprise, he affirms that he is "ready to commit" and that he expected a better result (for 280 votes in favor and 220 against).

Ainda assim, or philosopher declares that all present will be seen as "The assassins of um sábio" and that this will be at the expense of them. He also blames intrigue and evil hair for his fate.

More, o cidadãos, perhaps or difficult não seja isso: fugir da morte. Bem more difficult and escape from evil, which runs faster than death.

Debruçando on the subject, Socrates imagines two cenários to die: ou will be like a longa noite, ou will be without Hades and will be able to fare with great figures that já formed. We see his final moments, he asks those who support his company, so that they can talk até check on time.

As words that datem or speech deixam a provocative reflection on life, death and what we can expect from them.

But, now is the time to go: eu for death, and vós for nurseries. But, quem vai para melhor sorte, isso é segredo, exceto para deus.

Socrates e Platão: quem foram?

Socrates (469 a. C. - 399 a. C.) was a philosopher of Grécia Antiga, considered two precursors of Western philosophy. What we know about his thoughts is due to works written by other authors, such as Platão, who or Athenian was adept at transmitting knowledge through orality.

In the process of transforming his master for the younger generations, Socrates began to become a source of mistrust and antipathy for two locals. Thus, it arose or process moved by Ânito, Meleto and Lícon, no qual or philosopher was accused of being herege and a great example for youth.

After 30 days of imprisonment, he was executed, drinking hemlock in the presence of two serious friends.

Platão (428 a. C. - 347 a. C.), or founder of the famous Academy of Athens, were two disciples of Socrates. O philosopher and mathematician wrote several works such as his dialogues and Apology, in which you reproduce the words that the teacher used to defend himself.

A morte de philosopher e o julgamento that a precedeu foram represented no film Socrates (1971) by Roberto Rossellini. Check out a section below:

Conheça also

• Livro O Banquete, from Platão
• Mito da Caverna, from Platão
• Aristotle: life and principal works
• Phrase "O Homem é um political animal"