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The 75 best phrases of Jürgen Habermas

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Jürgen Habermas is a German sociologist who found in philosophy and politics an environment to develop his skills, being recognized in his country of origin and an important figure for the philosophical advances of Europe. The best known works of him are those related to the philosophy of language, the theory of law and Critical Theory. With this selection of the best reflections of him, we will pay tribute to the figure of him.

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Great quotes from Jürgen Habermas

Below we bring a sample of his work through his phrases and thoughts.

1. Capitalism offers a legitimation of power, which no longer comes down from the sky of cultural traditions, but can be obtained from the very base of social work.

A very interesting view on the benefits of capitalism.

2. No one has exclusive rights over the common medium of communicative practices that we must share intersubjectively.

Nobody can control our opinions.

3. The discursive redemption of a truth claim leads to rational acceptability, not truth.

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The truths we hear are not always accurate, but they are compelling.

4. The only knowledge that can really guide action is the knowledge that is released from simple human interests and is based on ideas, in other words, knowledge that has taken an attitude theoretical.

Each one is responsible for seeking their own knowledge of it or remaining in ignorance.

5. Irresponsibility for damage is at the core of terrorism.

Terrorism only serves to create chaos.

6. Consequently, the meaning of social norms depends on factual laws of nature or these of the former.

Social norms must be anchored to our own nature.

7. There is a grotesque disproportion between the profound influence that European politics has on our lives and the scant attention paid to it in each country.

Politicians do not always ensure the safety of their people as they say.

8. I call interests the basic orientations rooted in the fundamental conditions of the possible reproduction and self-constitution of the human race, that is, in work and in interaction.

Two things that are fundamental for the development of each person.

9. No participant can control the structure, or even the course, of the processes to achieve understanding and self-understanding.

In order to properly relate to someone, we must accept ourselves.

10. The problems that result from merging aspects of sociology and economics, constitutional law and political science, and social and are obvious: given the current state of differentiation and specialization in the social sciences, hardly anyone will be able to master several, much less all of these disciplines.

It is impossible to pretend that people can master so many things.

11. The public sphere must be investigated within the broad field previously reflected in the traditional science perspective of politics.

The public sphere can be beneficial as well as a ruin.

12. Reaching and understanding is the process of reaching an agreement on the budgetary basis of mutually recognized validity claims.

Understanding needs is critical to changing weaknesses in policy.

13. The national state, as a framework for the application of human rights and democracy, has made it possible a new - more abstract - form of social integration that goes beyond the borders of lineages and dialects.

The national state managed to integrate many people from different social strata.

14. Be ashamed to die until you have achieved a victory for humanity.

A tough phrase to make us meditate on our actions.

15. A statement is valid when its validity conditions have been met.

Always keep validity in mind in the things you do or believe.

16. The way in which speakers and listeners make use of their communicative freedom to take affirmative or negative positions does not depend on their subjective discretion. For they are free only by virtue of the binding force of the justifiable claims they make against each other.

Listen when someone has something important to say, speak when your opinion is beneficial.

17. It is impossible to decide a priori who will learn from whom.

Every day we learn something different from many people.

18. The bourgeois public sphere can be conceived above all as the sphere of private persons who come together as public.

His perspective on the bourgeoisie in the public sphere.

19. The sense of knowledge, and therefore also the measure of its autonomy, cannot be explained in any way except through recourse to its relationship with interest.

All knowledge is helpful if it is intended to be.

20. The speaker must choose an understandable expression, so that the speaker and the listener can understand each other.

It is important to analyze our words before they are expressed.

21. Although greater demands are made objectively of this authority, it operates less as a public opinion that provides a rational basis for the exercise of political and social authority.

Speaking of the legitimacy of political power.

22. Positivism means the end of the "theory of knowledge", which happens to be replaced by a "theory of science".

Thanks to positivism theories can be tested and brought to reality.

23.It is as little as impossible to derive the normative content of value judgments from starting from the descriptive content of factual determinations or the descriptive content from the normative.

It is not possible to judge a norm by its factual character.

24. Rather, what is needed is a game of argumentation, in which motivating reasons replace definitive arguments.

The importance of arguing instead of deciding blindly.

25. The more it is generated for the purpose of an abstract vote that is nothing more than an act of acclamation within a public sphere temporarily fabricated for display or manipulation.

Many politicians take democracy as a toy for their personal ends.

26. The idea of ​​truth, which is measured by a true consensus, implies the idea of ​​true life. We can also affirm: it includes the idea of ​​emancipation.

His vision of what the truth implies.

27. This theory, Luhmann's systems theory, can serve as a legitimation of the systematic limitation of a communication capable of decisively influencing the practical dimension of society.

Commenting on Luhmann's theory.

28. Those domains of action that have specialized in the transmission of culture, social integration or The socialization of young people rests on a medium of communicative action and cannot be integrated either by power or by for the money.

It is through communication that ideas are expressed to the population.

29. I am really surprised by the line of action that the US Administration has adopted in the world today.

Many countries want to imitate the United States.

30. The interpretation of a case is corroborated only by the successful continuation of a self-training process, that is, by the completion of self-reflection, and not unequivocally by what the patient says or how they are behaves.

Despite taking into account the subjectivity of people, it is important that the results are carried out with logic.

31. Every murder is one more murder.

There is nothing glorious about murder.

32. The rationality of the contents of identity can only be determined in relation to the structure of that process of its creation.

Rationality has its degree of subjectivity.

33. The overcoming of a fundamentalist self-understanding means not only the reflective refraction of the dogmatic claims of truth, and therefore a cognitive self-limitation, but rather the passage to another level of moral conscience.

Moralism must always move forward for the better rather than staying stuck in one place.

34. The development of European consciousness is slower than the advance of concrete reality.

It is useless to imagine a perfect world if actions are not taken to create it.

35. By engaging in communicative action, they accept in principle the same status as those whose statements they are trying to understand.

To participate in a debate, it must be borne in mind that positive and contradictory opinions will be heard.

36. Egalitarian universalism, from which arose the ideas of freedom and social solidarity, of an autonomous conduct of life and emancipation, of the individual morality of conscience, human rights and democracy, is the direct heir to the Judaic ethics of justice and the Christian ethics of love.

Equality should not be measured in matters of religion, but of human union.

37. At the starting point of the empirical-analytical sciences there is a technical interest, in that of the historical-hermeneutics there is a practical interest.

Talking about the interest of each science.

38. Europeans are faced with the task of achieving an intercultural understanding between the world of Islam and the West marked by the Judeo-Christian tradition.

Reference on the existing division in religious beliefs that separated people.

39. All commercialization or bureaucratization will generate, then, distortions, pathological collateral effects.

A prediction that little by little has come true.

40. Global terrorism is extreme both for its lack of realistic goals and for its cynical exploitation of the vulnerability of complex systems.

Terrorism is not justifiable by any means.

41. Being a philosopher is like any other profession.

There is nothing mystical in exercising philosophy.

42. By reference to the formal conditions of pregnancy and the critical verification of an identity flexible, in which all members of society can recognize each other, that is, they can be respected.

The indisputable end of society is that we can all respect and accept each other.

43. Philosophers are not always good for something: sometimes they are useful, and sometimes they are not!

Like any profession, it is not always successful.

44. In the critically oriented sciences that emancipatory interest in knowledge that, without granting it, was already the basis of traditional theories.

Talking about critical theories.

45. I will develop the thesis that anyone who acts communicatively must, when performing any speech act, raise claims of universal validity and assume that it can be vindicated.

To communicate we must know how to listen and know how to express our opinions.

46. Philosophy is no longer capable of giving an answer of general validity about the meaning of life.

The aspects that have been lost of the philosophy.

47. You get paid in exchange for keeping an important tradition alive, and if you are lucky, you may be able to write a book that is read by non-philosophers. And that is already a success!

Reference about his work as a philosopher.

48. … In the early 1940s… Horkheimer and Adorno felt that the Marxist critique of ideology had finally exhausted itself.

Is the original Marxist critique dead?

49. At the level of the reflection carried out by Horkheimer and Adorno, every attempt to put forward a theory was led to the abyss: as a result, they abandoned all theoretical approximation and they practiced a determined negation, opposed, therefore, to the fusion of reason and power that fills all the cracks.

Talking about Horkheimer and Adorno's resignation and the step to creating their own actions.

50. Power, money and more specifically markets and administration, took over integrative functions that Before they were performed by consensual values ​​and norms, or even by processes of construction of a understanding.

Modernization and commercialization have taken away many aspects of humanity.

51. War as self-defense is legitimate, in line with the UN. I was one of those who supported intervening in Kosovo!

In what cases is war justifiable?

52. As historical and social beings, we always find ourselves in a linguistically structured world of life.

An interesting reflection on what we are subjected to on a daily basis.

53. They no longer believed in the possibility of fulfilling the promises of a critical social theory with the methods of the social sciences.

When there is no solution through traditional methods, another perspective is sought.

54. The relationship between science and practice rests, like that between theory and history, on a strict differentiation between facts and decisions.

Science must be linked to experiences.

55. Morality undoubtedly has to do with justice and the well-being of others, including promoting the general well-being.

This is what morality should focus on.

56. And in light of the current challenges of a post-national constellation, we continue to draw on the essence of this heritage. Everything else is idle postmodern talk.

Ideals cannot always be abandoned.

57. Christianity has functioned for the normative self-understanding of modernity as more than just a precursor or catalyst.

His vision on Christianity.

58. I hope that the United States will abandon its current unilateralism and go back to rejoining international multilateralism.

Has it succeeded or is it still in the process of integration?

59. Morality refers to practical questions, which can be decided with reasons, to conflicts of action that can be resolved through consensus.

Every problem must be solved with practicality.

60. Behind the ideals of objectivity and the truth claims of positivism, behind the ascetic ideals and normative claims of Christianity and universal morality, there are hidden imperatives of self-preservation and domination.

Many ideals are preserved with the intention that they continue to dominate indefinitely.

61. History has as little meaning as nature itself, and yet, by the right decision, we can give it to him, trying again and again, with the help of scientific social techniques, that it prevails and prevails in history.

History is preserved through the social sciences.

62. Interpreters renounce the superiority that observers have by virtue of their privileged position, in the sense of that they themselves are drawn, at least potentially, into negotiations about the meaning and validity of the statements.

There are people who, in order to have a place, renounce their convictions.

63. I am convinced that competition between political parties that are increasingly independent of their foundations, and still in the business of providing legitimacy in an essentially manipulative way, must change.

Political competencies influence the separations of populations.

64. I suspect that another form of separation of powers should be introduced.

One that benefits the people above all else.

65. Happiness cannot be produced intentionally and can be promoted only very directly.

Happiness is achieved through the effort of each person.

66. But only Horkheimer united a highly individual and transformed understanding of philosophy with this program of interdisciplinary materialism. He wanted to continue philosophy by other means, especially the social sciences.

A very important change in the history of philosophy.

67. I also think, of course, that such transformations of political institutions will have to take place in the framework of the constitutional principles recognized today, based on the universal content of those beginning.

Political institutions must constantly change.

68. The core of my discursive theory of truth can be formulated by means of three basic concepts: validity conditions, validity claims, and redemption of a validity claim.

Everything always in favor of validity.

69. Critical attempts by social science to determine when theoretical claims capture the invariant regularities of the social action as such and when they express ideologically frozen dependency relationships that, in principle, can turn.

The criticisms must have a purpose of change.

70. This legacy, substantially unchanged, has been the subject of continuous critical appropriation and reinterpretation. To this day, there is no alternative.

Changes are necessary in a world that is in constant motion.

71. They claimed the public sphere regulated from above against the public authorities themselves, to start a debate on the rules governing relations in the basically privatized but publicly relevant sphere of commodity exchange and social work.

Not all those who claim to protect the interests of the public sphere do so. Some only see an advantage to exploit.

72. Technically speaking, since our complex societies are highly susceptible to interference and accidents, certainly offer ideal opportunities for an immediate interruption of activities normal.

Reference to the vulnerability of society.

73. The task of universal pragmatics is to identify and reconstruct the universal conditions of possible mutual understanding.

The purpose of the studies is to promote people's understanding of each other.

74. However, this critique of ideology describes the self-destruction of the critical faculty of a paradoxical way, because when performing the analysis, you must use the same false.

A critic must analyze even what she believes in.

75. Language is not a type of private property.

Language should not be a dividing barrier.

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