Civilizations of the Ancient Age and their contributions

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Within the Ancient Age we will begin to see the emergence of a great series of nations that were creating the civilizing model that would reach Europe, forming the Greek and Roman Empires. In this lesson from a TEACHER we bring you the Civilizations of the Ancient Age and their contributions, a way of knowing first-hand the inventions that propelled civilization over the nomadism that reigned throughout the world.

Index

1. Near Eastern Civilizations
2. The civilization of Egypt
3. Persia and Persepolis
4. The civilization of Greece
5. Roman civilization

Within our lesson on the civilizations of the Ancient Age and their contributions we must know that the Middle East was the cradle of civilization It was in this geographical area where the first civilizing peoples began to emerge, that is, the first complex cities will be born there and thanks to trade we will find the dissemination of said systems to other areas of the world.

Among the most important civilizations that will occur in this area, we highlight the following:

Sumerians

The Sumeriansthey are located in the south of Mesopotamia, being the town that generated the civilizing process in the whole world. Therefore, his main contribution, would be this, were the creators of the city as such, a place where the administration of the territory and religion were the most important focuses and therefore were in the center of it. Around and surrounding these important buildings, we will begin to see the creation of a series of neighborhoods, which were divided according to social class, in that way there would be:

• Religious or temple officials: they were in charge of the administration and care of the temple, they could in turn be priests. This group was the elite of the Sumerian city, until the arrival of the figure of the king.
• Nobles: great characters, related to the leaders of the war, which had the function of defending the city from various threats.
• Merchants and artisans: It is an ambiguous group, since they cannot work by themselves, they work for the state, so their activity is very controlled. Even so, they enjoyed a number of tax advantages.
• Farmers: they did not own land, since they belong to the state, they have to give all the benefits to it and then they would be rewarded with a part.

Without a doubt, apart from being the forerunners of civilization, they are the creators of the cuneiform system, that is, writing.

Babylon

One of the best known civilizations drink directly from the Sumerian civilization and it will be with this when the civilization and the organization of the city reach the highest levels. During this period we will find an improvement in the architectural works, appearing well differentiated, the figure of the temple (the ziggurat) and the palace (heavily defended). This civilization comes from the Semitic branch, by which the monarchs, were considered simply heads of the armies of the protector god of the city.

Even so, Babylon, throughout its time, was passing over different hands, finding us some cultures from the mountains whose only purposes were war and booty, it will be for this reason that we will find the most belligerent stages of Babylon, in which the urban character fell into chopped.

Likewise, a market site will be built, eliminating the temple trade. In addition, the Hammurabi code, was the first legal code in history. This text served as a model for other legal texts throughout the Ancient Age and was greatly admired from the 19th century onwards, with its study.

Image: History of civilizations

We continue our lesson on Civilizations of the Ancient Age and their contributions, now mentioning the Egyptian civilization, one of the most enigmatic in ancient history, due to its great secrecy. Undoubtedly, the country of the pyramids contributed a series of advances to the world, such as:

• Math
• Architecture
• Cosmology
• Creation of paper, papyrus

We have to say that all these advances that they made were made to improve the infrastructures of both cities and cities. funeral works of the pharaohs, which should take the best to eternal life. All the funerary buildings were made following a very special astronomy diagram, in which the alignment of the stars and planets was very important.

Papyrus, although it was a very precious object, only endures in the desert of Egypt due to the low level of humidity, being a non-durable material in other places in the Mediterranean. It was his writing support, since the stones were used as construction material (most precious), being adobe the construction material of the rest of the population.

In this other lesson from a TEACHER we will discover the main characteristics of Egyptian culture.

One of the great empires of antiquity was the Persian Empire that from its beginnings it had in its mind a great territorial expansion, advancing to the Syro-Palestinian coast and even taking Egypt.

This civilization based its economy on the control of the various neighboring kingdoms and civilizations, to which it paid tribute. The contributions they left were exclusively military, both at the level of strategies, and at the level of weapons.

Of this civilization, little information remains about the architecture of its cities, being the best preserved Persepolis, a city devised for the Persian king. This city was made to show the rest of the world the power of the head of the most warlike civilization in ancient history.

This monarch was treated as a god and it will not be unusual to observe along the route of this city how legendary or mythological figures appear as a symbol of protection of his figure.

Continuing with our lesson on the civilizations of the Ancient Age and their contributions, we come to one of the most important civilizations for Europe as was Greece, a nation that we can say is the cradle of Western civilization.

The most important contributions of this were:

• Philosophy
• Science
• Arts
• Politics
• Math

It is said that it is the cradle of Europe since it was one of the civilizations that made more colonies. Colonies that, at first, only served to trade and that eventually became independent cities that dealt with natives, expanding into the vast majority of cases.

In this way, they carried their culture and, with it, the forms of their democracy, in addition to the currency and its pantheon. Here you will find a brief summary on the Greek empire.

Image: Historical Atlas - blogger

Finally, we have to talk about Rome, without a doubt, the civilization that spread across Europe leaving a great mark. Many of its contributions come from both Egypt as from Greece, because these territories ended up being annexed to the Roman Empire, their own are:

• Code of Laws
• Roman law

Without a doubt, this town took most of his being from Greece Because from the beginning it maintained commercial and social relations with Magna Graecia, located in southern Italy. From that moment, the Etruscans were taking the political form of Greece, thus ending their monarchs and beginning the famous Roman republic.

The latter was very important in the social life of the Roman world, since the power to decide in politics was the basis of social life, therefore, they created a series of laws to prevent tyranny and also to re-emerge monarchies.

Similarly, they assimilated Hellenic gods, although they Latinized their names and finally, they took the sciences, arts and the rest of the culture. So much so that with the passage of time, the Hellenes ended up being absorbed by Rome with hardly any wars between these two civilizations.

In this other article we will discover the characteristics of Roman civilization.

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