Biography of Julius Caesar, Roman Emperor

Julius Caesar he is one of the best known personalities of antiquity. His political-military career would lead him to victoriously win one of the most important wars that occurred at the end of the Roman Republic: the Gallic War. He knew how to defeat Pompey in the civil war, establishing himself as absolute emperor and also known also for the relationship he maintained with the last queen of Egypt, Cleopatra. Next, in this lesson from a TEACHER we offer you a biography of Julius Caesar, Roman emperor, whose death was succeeded by Octavio Augusto.

Index

1. Gaius Julius Caesar: his early years
2. The years after Sulla's death
3. The Roman Triumvirate
4. The Gallic War
5. The political crisis and the start of the civil war
6. Caesar's last campaigns
7. The assassination of Julius Caesar

Gaius Julius Caesar was born on July 13, 100 BC. C., and little is known about his childhood and youth, only that Marco Antonio Gnifón, his teacher, specialist in Greek and Roman literature, took care of his education and taught him so much to read and write. Over time, he proved to be a great student and little by little he perfected the language and learned little notions of oratory, key, for what was later his political career.

In the year 84 a. C. he was appointed priest of Jupiter or flamen dialy, in addition to marrying Cornelia, daughter of Lucio Cornelio Cina, who was one of the leaders of Mario's party.

In the year 81 a. C. Sulla began his dictatorship and one of the first acts he carried out was a harsh repression against all Mario's supporters, being César one of his objectives, of this A price was put on his head and he had to flee for a time, although in the end Sila's own son-in-law would intervene to let him live to this.

After these events, he marched to asia where he would fight under the orders of Minucio Termo, against Mitríades VI, these campaigns, served him to earn a reputation on the battlefield, being presented with the civic crown upon victory in the Bell.

Image: Slideshare

In the year 78 a. C. Sulla, he passed away and, with this, Julio could go back to Rome again to start his political career. For this reason he began to work as a lawyer in the Forum, in which he took a series of lawsuits that made him gain popularity due to his oratory.

In addition, in the year 73 a. C. he was chosen one pontifex, after the death of his uncle, this religious institution was very popular in Rome. From that moment on, his fame increased until the year 69 a. C. he was elected quaestor and in this way he was sent to later Hispania.

After finishing this position, he would occupy other positions within Rome such as:

• In the year 65 a. C. he held the position of aedile curul.
• To the year 63 a. C. he was appointed Pontifex maximus.
• The year 62 a. C. he was elected urban praetor.

The next step for Caesar was to be elected consul, although the sector of the optimates, that is, of the aristocrats, did not want him to a person like Julio would hold that power, as it could have an impact on this entire sector, since they were very aware of their intentions.

Even so, in the year 59 a. C. he obtained the consulate. This only infuriated the optimates sector, which, led by Cato, promoted a series of laws to corner Caesar and make society see that he was a revolutionary and, therefore, a criminal.

Although Julio, being more cunning than Cato, managed through a series of alliances between Pompey and Crassus, create the so-called government of the three o first triumvirate, this was the previous step to the end of the Roman Republic.

The year 58 a. C. It was the moment in which Julius Caesar received the government of Transalpine Gaul and Illyria, which he would maintain for five years, he also received the government of Cisalpine Gaul, after the death of Quinto Cecilio Put it in.

This opened up a wide range of possibilities for the Roman general to enrich himself at the expense of the provinces that had under his command and, taking advantage of some movements of the Helvetians in Gallic territory, began the so-called Gallic war that extended between the years 58-51 a. C.

During the conduct of these campaigns, he reached both Germania and the British Isles, although not with the intention of conquest. We must know that between the years 58-52 a. C. Caesar had defeated the Helvetii, Venetians, and Vercingetorix at the Battle of Alesia.

In this other lesson we discover a summary of the Gallic War.

Image: History with maps

The political situation in Rome was being greatly affected by the enmity between Pompey and Crassus, which in the year 56 a. C. they began a series of mutual attacks due to a series of Crassus clienteles.

Therefore, Caesar, summoned his allies in Lucca, since he could not march to Rome maintaining his imperium. In it it was agreed that both Pompey and Crassus would appear the following year as consuls and that they would give Caesar five more years as proconsul, this meeting was called Lucca Convention.

But a short time later, two circumstances occurred that completely changed the situation in Rome:

• In the year 54 a. C. the alliance between Pompey and Caesar disappeared, since Julia passed away, Caesar's daughter, who had been married to Pompey to ratify his agreements.
• A year later, in the 53 a. C. Crassus died in the battle of Carrhae against the Parthians.

This caused the tensions in Rome to increase and Pompey was getting closer and closer to the more conservative sector, even issuing an edict for which his old ally had to leave his magistracy a year later and appear in the Senate to answer a series of accusations.

To such came the matter, that the January 7 of the year 49 a. C. in Rome the State of emergency and giving Pompey all the powers to eliminate Caesar, who had been stationed in Ravenna with the XIII legion since January 1.

Thus, between the year 49 and 47 a. C. Caesar and Pompey were immersed in a series of struggles for the power of Rome, during which, Julio, was ending the power of his adversary in the various areas of the Empire, being one of the most characteristic the campaigns in Hispania, provinces where Pompey's maximum troops were found and which were defeated without spilling a single drop of blood.

In your attempt to escape, Pompey marched to Egypt seeking the support of Ptolemy XIII, who ended up beheading the Roman consul; When Caesar arrived in that province and saw what happened, he went into a rage, actively intervening in the politics of Egypt.

In this other lesson we discover a summary of the civil war between Pompey and Caesar.

Behind this, supported Cleopatra in her ascension to the throne, in addition to having a series of relationships from which Ptolemy XV would be born, or rather known to Roman society as Caesarion, although this was never recognized by Caesar. Here we discover the story between Cleopatra and Julius Caesar.

The following year, in the 46 a. C.he would march to africa where he would face the last troops akin to Pompey. At the end of July 46 a. C. he arrived in Rome, being appointed dictator by the Senate, for a period of ten years, in which he had to calm social problems.

On the other hand, he won the trust of his troops, as they were rewarded with land and money.

Image: HELLO

Undoubtedly, the sector of the optimates viewed the attitudes of Caesar with bad eyes, who increasingly behaved like a etruscan rex wearing purple and making images and other elements representative of his power.

This made a group of senators were approaching positions until agreeing to the assassination of the dictator. Thus, in the Ides of March of the year 44 a. C. He was taken to a room near the Theater of Pompey, and they killed him around 23 stabs, of which the one struck in the thorax was the fatal one.

After this, the 60 senators, including June Bruto Albino (César's godson) marched to avoid being arrested, leaving the dictator's body on the ground. This fact led to a series of instabilities in Rome, for which it was necessary to create a second triumvirate.

If you want to read more articles similar to Biography of Julius Caesar, Roman Emperor, we recommend that you enter our category of Story.