History of Communism in Spain - Summary

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To talk about communism in Spain, we must look back, specifically towards the year 1921, which is when the founding of a new party took place, the Communist Party of Spain, and that occurred after one of the splits of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party. Next, in this lesson from a TEACHER we offer you a brief rsummary of the history of communism in Spain, being one of the most outstanding stages that of the Franco dictatorship, where the communists from the Illegality and secrecy continually fought for the reestablishment of a democratic framework in Spain.

Index

1. How did communism emerge in Spain?
2. The early years of communism in Spain
3. Communism during the Franco dictatorship
4. Communism after the Franco era

The October Revolution in Russia of 1917 and later the Third International or the also known as the Communist International in Moscow in 1919 caused a great impact on the world.

The main objectives that they wanted to achieve were based on bringing together all the communist parties of the different countries to fight against the abolition of the capitalist system, the establishment of a dictatorship of the proletariat that they would be in charge of bringing political power, the abolition of different social classes among many other things. Well, the "Russian case" is going to be welcomed by many European countries, including Spain, where it is beginning to take place. the emergence of Communist Parties.

Spain since 1917 lived in a continuous revolutionary environment and it will be within the Spanish Socialist Workers Party (founded in 1879) where on two occasions there will be splits that will lead to the creation of the Communist Party of Spain.

The first of these was in 1920 when the Federation of Socialist Youth decided to annex the Communist International completely separating itself from socialism and creating the Communist Workers' Party Spanish. The second was a year later, in 1921 when in one of the Extraordinary Congresses organized by the PSOE they decided to postpone the incorporation to the III International, however, they are defeated and all those who wanted to join decide to separate to create the Communist Party of Spain.

The problem was that the Communist International could only accept one section per country, which is why it opted for the merger between both parties in 1921 in Madrid, signed by Gonzalo Sanz by the Communist Party of Spain and Manuel Núñez de Arenas by the PSOE.

In this other lesson from a TEACHER we will discover what the russian revolution in a short summary.

We continue with this summary of the history of communism in Spain speaking, now, of the first years of this new movement.

After its unification, the Communist Party of Spain held its first congress in 1922 where they debated, among other things, what would be the official body of expression, the first of which was “The communist”, Where his manifesto appeared expressing the needs of oppose reformism and decree the dictatorship of the proletariat, also another of the known means was "The torch”. In the II Congress, a whole delegation was sent to participate in the III Moscow International, obtaining a position on the executive committee.

Shortly after this last congress, thecoup in September 1923 by Miguel Primo de Rivera with which only socialism survives in legality, the rest of the political parties go underground so the III Congress of the Communist Party of Spain had to be held in France, specifically in Paris in 1929.

With the advent of the Republic established between 1931 and 1936, the Spanish Communist Party was once again able to act legally, however they lacked strength. The IV congress was held in the city of Seville with the objective of achieving that union with which it had years ago and thus strengthening itself as a party.

In 1933 the elections arrive obtaining a significant achievement that demonstrated the rise of communism with some 400,000 votes in which Cayetano Bolivar becomes the representative of the party in the Congress of Deputies. A few months later, a new party was born as a result of the IV Congress, the Communist Party of Catalonia, in which it was sent to be its delegate Vicente Uribe.

In 1936 the Popular Front won the elections against the Communist Party of Spain, the Socialist Party, Partido Unionist, Republican Left, Federal Republican Party, UGT and Unification Workers Party Marxist.

Continuing with this summary of the history of communism in Spain we will now talk about the situation of this party during the dictatorship. At the end of July 1936, Spain was divided politically into two sections, one that responded to the rebellious right and the other to the republican left. However, the left began to suffer a series of internal crises between the communists and anarchists, which was the moment in which Francisco Franco took advantage to establish his power.

It goes without saying that Communists were violently persecuted during the dictatorship, having to continue with his speeches from the deepest illegality, showing his opposition to the Franco government. Between the years 1944 and 1948 they encouraged against the Franco government through guerrilla struggles, however, they had to leave it before the heavy punishments imposed by the dictatorship.

From the 1950s on, they chose as a new means of fighting to start infiltrate unions, conforming the Trade Union Opposition as a clandestine union that even participated in the union elections of 1963 and as a result of this union, Workers' Commissions were formed, also illegal in cities such as Madrid and Barcelona, ​​being in the latter where a general strike was called around 1954, which was joined by Navarra, the Basque Country and Madrid.

In the V Congress of the Communist Party in Spain some ways were thought out to end the Franco dictatorship and establish a provisional government, restoring the eliminated rights to later call new elections, however, achieving this purpose was not an easy task. During the next three congresses, two of them held in the midst of the economic crisis, little by little the They were outlining the ideas to end Francoism, ideas also very different from those carried out by communism Russian.

At that time, we are talking about between the years 1973-1974 the leader of the communist party, Santiago Carrillo made use of his powers to promote the constitution of the Democratic Junta of Spain with the aim of uniting all sectors that were against the dictatorship of Frank.

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Finally, during the period of spanish transition it is awarded the legality of communism and the Communist Party of Spain in 1977, all the exiles also returned. Over time they did not achieve much relevance electorally since all sectors of the left concentrated on the PSOE, Santiago Carillo resigned his candidacy, taking his place Gerardo Churches.

In 1986, the Communist Party of Spain (PCE) integrates the United Left and Julio Anguita González is elected as general secretary of the Communist Party as well as coordinator of the United Left.

In 2005, Dolores Ibárruri, better known as La Pasionaria, when the XVII Congress of the PCE took place, was awarded as President of honor to Perpetuity for being part of the party since its inception. Since 2009, the general secretary of the Communist Party of Spain is José Luis Centella.

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