The 4 differences between Subclinical Depression and Major Depression

Depression is a widely recognized mental disorder that affects millions of people around the world. However, within the spectrum of depression, there are different levels of severity and manifestation.

In this sense, it is important to understand the differences between major depression and subclinical depression, two terms often found in reference to this disorder and the idea of ​​"being depressed."

Put very briefly, subclinical depression is characterized by the presence of depressive symptoms that do not meet all the diagnostic criteria for major depression. On the other hand, major depression is a more serious condition that causes significant deterioration in the lives of those who suffer from it.

In this article, we will explore in more detail the keys to differentiating between subclinical depression and major depression.

How to distinguish between major depression and subclinical depression?

We will analyze the symptoms, duration, intensity and impact on people's daily lives affected, with the aim of providing a clear understanding of both conditions and their relevance clinic. Understanding these differences is essential for proper identification, diagnosis, and treatment of depressive disorders.

What is subclinical depression?

Subclinical depression is a depressive state that does not meet all the necessary criteria for the diagnosis of major depression according to the DSM-5 psychiatric diagnostic manual. Although the symptoms may be similar to those of major depression, their duration, intensity, and frequency are generally less severe.

Symptoms of subclinical depression may include sadness persistent loss of interest in previously pleasurable activities, changes in appetite and sleep, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, and feelings of hopelessness. However, to be considered subclinical depression, these symptoms must be present for a long period of time, usually at least two weeks.

Unlike major depression, subclinical depression does not cause significant impairment in functioning. daily functioning of the individual or interfere with important areas of his life, such as work or personal relationships. Although subclinical depression often has a negative impact on emotional well-being and the quality of life, people who experience it can carry out their daily activities with relative normal.

It is important to note that subclinical depression should not be ignored or downplayed. Although it does not meet the criteria for the diagnosis of major depression, it may be an early indication of vulnerability to develop a more severe depressive disorder in the future. People with subclinical depression may benefit from early interventions, such as psychological therapy or lifestyle changes, to prevent progression to major depression.

• Related article: "Types of Mood Disorders"

What is major depression?

Major depression, also known as major depressive disorder or simply clinical depression, is a severe mental disorder characterized by presence of significant depressive symptoms that adversely affect a person's daily functioning and quality of life.

Symptoms of major depression often include deep and persistent sadness, loss of interest in pleasurable activities, changes in mood appetite and sleep, extreme fatigue, difficulty concentrating, feelings of guilt or worthlessness, recurring thoughts of death or suicide, among others. These symptoms must be present continuously for at least two weeks and cause a Significant impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of life functioning individual.

Unlike subclinical depression, major depression can severely affect a person's ability to carry out daily tasks. People with major depression may experience difficulties at work, in interpersonal relationships, and in fulfilling basic responsibilities. Also, negative thoughts and feelings can be overwhelming, which can lead to a higher risk of suicide.

It is important to note that major depression is a medical disorder; is not simply a normal response to stress or difficult life situations. It requires professional care and appropriate treatment, which may include psychological therapy, medication, and lifestyle changes.

Main differences between subclinical depression and major depression

Although subclinical depression and major depression share some similar symptoms, there are differences significant in terms of duration, intensity and the impact on the daily life of those who experience them.

1. Symptom Duration

First, subclinical depression is characterized by depressive symptoms that persist for a period of time. prolonged period, but do not meet all the necessary criteria for the diagnosis of depression elderly. Instead, major depression is defined by the presence of more intense and severe depressive symptoms, which significantly interfere in the daily functioning of the person. We could say that major depression incapacitates people who suffer from it much more and for a longer time than subclinical depression.

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2. Symptom intensity

The intensity of the symptoms is another key difference between the two conditions. In subclinical depression, the symptoms may be less severe compared to major depression. While, in major depression, symptoms may be more pronounced, affecting the ability to enjoy activities of daily living, interact with others, work and lead a satisfactory life in general, as we have been discussing throughout this article.

3. Impact on daily life

Another important distinction lies in the functional impact on daily life. Major depression usually causes significant impairment in the overall functioning of the individual, affecting their performance at work, interpersonal relationships, personal care and other important areas of life life. On the other hand, subclinical depression may not significantly interfere with a person's general functioning, which allows you to carry out your daily responsibilities and tasks with relative normality.

• Related article: "Emotional pain: what it is and how to manage it"

4. Risk factors and prognosis

Both subclinical depression and major depression share some common risk factors, such as family history of depression, stressful life events, low self-esteem, and eating disorders anxiety. These factors can increase a person's vulnerability to developing depressive disorders in general.

However, some studies suggest that certain factors may influence the severity and prognosis of each disorder differently. For example, the presence of traumatic or stressful life events has been found to be associated with an increased risk of developing major depression compared with subclinical depression. Furthermore, the presence of more intense and persistent symptoms, as well as a previous history of major depression, may be a predictor of a worse prognosis in major depression.

In terms of prognosis, subclinical depression is often considered a risk state. that may precede the development of major depression. Those who experience subclinical depression are at increased risk of developing major depression in the future if the underlying factors are not adequately addressed.

In conclusion, risk factors and prognosis may vary between subclinical depression and major depression. Both disorders share common risk factors, but the severity of symptoms and a prior history of major depression may influence the prognosis of major depression. Recognizing these factors is essential for an accurate assessment and a therapeutic approach tailored to each person's individual needs.

• You may be interested in: "Mental health: definition and characteristics according to psychology"

On the spectrum of depression, but different

In this article, we have explored the differences between subclinical depression and major depression. While both conditions fall within the spectrum of depressive disorders, present distinctive characteristics in terms of duration, intensity and impact on daily life.

Subclinical depression is characterized by persistent but less severe depressive symptoms that do not meet all the necessary criteria for the diagnosis of major depression. Although it may not cause significant impairment in daily functioning, subclinical depression is a risk state that may precede the development of major depression. On the other hand, major depression is a clinically significant depressive disorder, characterized by more intense and severe symptoms, which negatively affect the lives of those who suffer from it. Major depression requires more intensive therapeutic interventions and can cause significant impairment in social, occupational, and personal functioning.

It is important to note that both subclinical depression and major depression are conditions that require attention and treatment. Subclinical depression should not be underestimated, as it may be an early indicator of vulnerability to the development of a more severe depressive disorder. Appropriate identification and treatment, including psychological therapy, lifestyle changes, and, in some cases, medication, are essential to address these disorders and promote well-being emotional.

In summary, understanding the differences between subclinical depression and major depression is essential for an accurate assessment and an appropriate therapeutic approach. These depressive disorders have distinctive characteristics in terms of duration, intensity, and functional impact. By recognizing these differences, we can provide appropriate support to those struggling with depression and improve their quality of life. Remember that depression is a serious mental health problem and seeking professional help is essential. If you or someone you know is experiencing depressive symptoms, it's important to contact a mental health professional for proper assessment and guidance.