Livro Os sertões de Euclides da Cunha: summary and analysis

You sertões, published in 1902, is one of the main works of literature and Brazilian historiography. Euclides da Cunha (1866-1909), pre-modernist author, portrays a very work that assists the War of Canudos, which takes place in the interior of Bahia, led by Antônio Conselheiro.

Summary and analysis of You sertões

Euclides da Cunha escolheu escrever na his most famous work or that passed in the War of Canudos (1896-1897), local where this is located in the area of ​​coverage for the Folha de São Paulo, where trabalhava na time.

O livro mais reconhecido by Euclides da Cunha é divided into three parts: a terra, or homeme a luta. O desire to disclose with precision or meio was related to your deterministic belief. For Euclides da Cunha, as well as for other intellectuais do seu tempo de el, o meio determinva o homem, por isso It was so important to disclose or space if we wanted to know more about or sertanejo e, later, about or conflict.

In thermos of linguagem, to work, extensive, and composted by uma

gimmicky linguagem, baroque, erudite, little acessível. Despite the difficulty of reading, You sertões It is extremely important for Brazilian literature because it faces a portrait not only of a local as two serious inhabitants and two interests that move you.

A terra - part one

The first part of the book Euclides da Cunha descreveu with scientific rigor or sertão environment: aridity, vegetation, or desert climate. You sertões It is a regionalist work, which is concerned with portraying in extreme detail a given space.

Or a writer, who was a home to science, an engenheiro além de un literato, fez questão de discrever with precision or that he observed no meio. Euclides narrates, for example, details of the caatinga and theorizes about the reasons for the dry climate.

Or a writer, who was a deep connoisseur of maps, wrote a lot about the cartography of the region. This first part of the book is quite descriptive: it gives flora, fauna, climate, two contours of the plain.

A Serra do Grão Mogol bordering the borders of Bahia, the first specimen of splendid veneers imitating cordilheiras, which so disturbed careless geographers; It is as much as to convizinham, from Cabral closer to home, from Mata da Corda stretching out to Goiás, modeled in an identical manner. The sulcos of erosion that retaliate expressive geological cuts.

O homem - part two

Depois de falar on the environment of the sertão, in the second part of the book or the author debruça on the figure of the sertanejo, that he chamou of "raça forte", até then little known hair the rest of the country. Or that Euclides da Cunha fez was practically an anthropological and sociological essay, thus characteristics of homem do interior.

O sertanejo é, before tudo, um forte.

He falou so much on external aspects - a aparência do sertanejo, or face, or corpo, a cor da pele -, I tied to your origin, you traços culturais, the way you relate, you parents sociais that playhavam. Euclides da Cunha addressed two more varied aspects, from how to dance até or feeling of unconscious service.

Or its main objective, described in the preliminary note of the book, was to preserve the image of its homem do sertão, which, second or author, was on the verge of extinction:

We try to sketch, palely embora, before or after future historians, the most expressive traços atuais das sub-races sertanejas do Brasil. And I fazêmo-it because of its instability of complexes of multiple factors and variously combined, allied to historical vicissitudes and deplorable mental situation in that jazem, as perhaps we take ephemeral, destined for the next disappearance in the face of the increasing demands of civilization and intensive material concordance of migratory currents that are beginning to deeply invade us. terra. Or fearful jagunço, or tabaréu ingênuo and or caipira simplório will be in brief types relegated to evanescent traditions, or extinct.

It is worth underlining that Euclides gives Cunha olhou to either manage to com um ar of superiority, or that it can be explained by the historical context in which he lives. We must realize that, not his time, or Brazil was divided into two parts: o the Rio-São Paulo, the elites, do financial and intellectual development, e or sertão, unheard, attacked without misery, pela fome e pela poverty. Euclides da Cunha participated in the first group.

To the brazilian republic, newly raised, não tinha olhos para o sertãoAs well as a major part of the press that was summed up to news or that was passed on to large cities. Euclides da Cunha was the first voice to speak from his little home.

Luta - part three

When it became urgent to pacify the area of ​​Canudos, or the government of Bahia was fighting with other insurrectionists. The city of Lençóis was invested with daring malt from facinoras, and as his incursions into Alastravam-se pelas Lavras Diamantinas; o povoado by Brito Mendes will fall to more than other turbulent ones; and in Jequié they were committed all due to attacks.

In the final part of his longa work, Euclides da Cunha narrates what he or she will know or be: combat between the military and the sertanejos. The Brazilian army led, to all, four expeditions to fight the War of Canudos, and Euclides narrates all this process of confrontation.

In the first place, little one, you only ate cem homens. The military were quickly displaced because, despite being armed with firearms, they did not know the region (or climate, or context). You sertanejos tinham to vantage of knowing the details of the land as to palma da mão.

Due to the failure of the first expedition, or the government sent a second expedition, once with 500 homens. This second expedition also lost, leading to a third expedition with 1,500 homens. This third expedition also has a tragic fim for the military, including the commander himself, or Colonel Moreira César, who is in the field.

To the Republic, with a stiff image after three failed expeditions, I sent a very large last expedition. In 1897, they were sent to or from about 8000 soldiers. Euclides da Cunha was the battlefield for the fourth expedition, or for the end of the confrontation.

Nessa last part of the book or author fala about as causes of luta, you fight in itself, to incomprehension of the military campaign, as consequences of the battles of blood and, mainly, or unbalanced of forces in combat. While you sertanejos war, with much bravery, but equipped only with stones and rustic materials such as knives, you military carry firearms and grenades. Uma luta unequalTherefore, it generated a huge spill of blood.

Historic context

You sertões It will emerge from the notes that Euclides gives Cunha fez numa caderneta that carries us behind the conflict that surrounds Blessed Antônio Conselheiro. Either religious, who was a monarchist, gathered more and more faith in his non-sertão community, or who ended up leaving the uncomfortable context of a newly established republic.

Or the government, wanting to quickly suppress the monarchist community, sent an army expedition to fight non-local. Antônio Conselheiro, for his time, led the local population, which defended itself only with simple weapons (stones, paus, blades).

At the beginning Canudos War She was lida like a local revolt, give them a new love for the monarchy, more logo than chegou for Campo Euclides da Cunha I perceive what was going on in another questão, much deeper: or lack of awareness of sertanejo and of an important region of Brazil.

From the perception of personal and collective ignorance that Euclides decided to reality of sertão, is still unknown for a large part of Brazil.

At all, Euclides da Cunha spent about twenty days in the field of battle in Canudos, or enough for him to collect material to write not only as suas publicações pontuais as a correspondent of the day's work as well as free.

Euclides da Cunha was of fundamental importance for show o povo do sertão, dislocated and rejected, a marginal Brazil (fora do eixo Rio-São Paulo), for the rest of the country.

The author has the merit of giving visibility to those who suffer from interior aridity and the terrible living conditions. Euclides courageously shows the clash between two Brasis: an elite, "civilized", with a very capital, and a Brazil in the interior, where it is passed, fostered and softened as dry.

In relation to Euclides da Cunha com Canudos

Before embarking for Canudos, where he arrived for about twenty days, Euclides da Cunha já tin has written two essays important built based on naquilo that was going to be on the sertão - mais ainda sem a vivência prática, local.

When he chegou Canudos, the author has the opinion that it was a monarchist rebellion and that it needed to be suppressed. Euclides da Cunha was a republican, but for democracy, not for Brazil, and was therefore at first against a rebellion in favor of the monarchy. Or a journalist from the territory together with a fourth military expedition sent by the government.

Assim that he chegou na region, porém, he perceived that it was not treated as much as he imagined and that he had studied the free articles that he consulted.

The battlefield Euclides wrote a series of short articles, telegrams that he sent to the State of São Paulo. This material was composed by Diário de uma expeição, gathering short stories that he collected when he was in Canudos. These are the most reliable accounts of the conflict. As your annotations, that ficaram na caderneta and will be transformed into You sertões, will be transformed, however, into another type of literary production.

A preliminary note from You sertões, Euclides da Cunha assumes that the initial vocation of his work was to write exclusively on or conflict in Canudos, rather than the context transformed or released in another context.

Or that it was to be a story about or confrontation, it ended up becoming an anthropological, sociological and cultural essay of the sertão do Brasil, especially the sertanejo, still little understood.

Written we rare intervals of folga de uma carreira fatigante, this book, which at the beginning was summed up à historia da Campanha de Canudos, lost all current status, removed from its publication on the basis of causes that we fear as unacceptable bet. Demos-lhe, by isto, outra feição, taking only a variant of a general subject or theme, at the dominant principle, that or suggests. We try to sketch, palely embora, before or after future historians, the most expressive traços atuais das sub-races sertanejas do Brasil.

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