Modern Art: movements and artists in Brazil and in the world

Modern art is not given to me by the artistic movements that sprung up in Europe in the last years of the 19th century. These artistic vanguard, like conheque ficaram, were prolonged-tied to the goal of the next secular, arriving in Brazil around two years 20.

Nessa epoch, the artists look for other olhares and ways to represent the world, descolando-traditional art is given.

At the same time, there will be various visual arts such as expressionism, fauvism, cubism, abstractionism, futurism, surrealism and Dadaism.

Modern Art in Brazil

Not Brazil, or the modernist movement emerged later in the vanguard of Europe. Here, or the decisive period for its consolidation, was the 1920s, with the Modern Art Week. In the meantime, there had never been artists making works with modern characteristics some years before.

Historic context

The historical context that the country lived in the beginning of the 20th century was of growth, progress, industrialization and many immigrants, who come from different parts of the world to rebuild the massa trabalhadora depois da abolição da escravatura.

It was a moment of strengthening capitalism and therefore the social conflicts also broke out. Houve, for example, groups of migrant operatives organized by anarchist movements in search of better living conditions.

Assim, it begins to arise in need of a new type of art that transmits current experiences and not future hopes.

Parallel to isso, now in Europe a search for experimentation and rupture of traditions. Then, some Brazilian artists will enter into contact with this agitation in foreign lands and trouxeram an artistic freshness and endeavor to implement a new art here, with nascent inspiration. European avant-garde.

Nomes esenciais nesse moment foram Lasar Segall (1891-1957) and Anita Malfatti (196-1964), who can be considered the forerunners of modern art in no country, holding exhibitions in years 10.

It is important to say that Anita's art was harshly criticized and misunderstood by many of the Brazilian intellectuals, especially by Monteiro Lobato. Já Lasar Segall, being of foreign origin (Lituânia), has not received great criticism.

Modern Art Week

With all this movement, other artists are also exploring new developments in art and literature.

Also, they decide to organize a kind of "festival", where they present their newest productions. Dessa form is born to "Modern Art Week", or "Week of 22", as it also became known.

The event is part of the commemoration two years of independence from Brazil, in 1922, and was held at the Municipal Theater of São Paulo, from 13 to 18 February of the same year.

The intention of two artists was to create new events and challenge the current standards of art, still very conservative and daring to the values ​​of the XIX century.

This is a show that exhibits approximately 100 works of art and contains literary and musical presentations. A ideia da Semana, na realidade, was inspired by the French event Semaine de Fêtes de Deauville I counted as support from Paulo Prado, a patron who got financial support from coffee bars.

To find out more, read: Tudo on a Modern Art Week.

Brazilian representatives of modern art

For several artists who will contribute to the consolidation of modern art in Brazil, both in plastic arts and literature. Além two painters Anita Malfatti and Lasar segall, that we have never been in front of this kind of art, let's say:

• Say Cavalcanti (1897-1976) - painter, illustrator, writer and engraver. He is an essential figure for the realization of the Week of 22, considered or great idealizer.
• Vicente do Rego Monteiro (1899-1970) - O painter is the first two to explore cubist aesthetics with characteristic themes of Brazil, such as indigenous myths.
• Victor brecheret (1894-1955) - um dos maiores nomes da sculpture no Brasil. He is influenced by Auguste Rodin and his works have expressionist and cubist elements.
• Tarsila do Amaral (1886-1973) - painter and dehista. He did not participate in the Modern Art Week because he was in France participating in an exhibition. Meanwhile, he has a fundamental role in the modernist movement called Anthropophagy.
• Manuel Bandeira (1886-1968) - writer, teacher and art critic. His literary production of innovative innovations in the way of expressing himself and at first questioning the Parnassian poets. Or poem You toads It was declared at the Modern Art Week.
• Mario de Andrade (1893-1945) - Marking writer of the first generation of modernists in Brazil. Sua produção values ​​national identity and culture.
• Oswald de Andrade (1890-1954) - writer and playwright. Some central figures are not literary modernism, with an irreverent and acid style, revisiting the origins of Brazil in a questioning way.
• Graça Aranha (1868-1931) - writer and diplomat. It helps found the Brazilian Academy of Letters and has a fundamental role in the Modern Art Week.
• Menotti Del Picchia (1892-1988) - writer, journalist and advocate. Em 1917 publishes or romance Juca Mulato, his first work, considered pre-modernist. He participates in 1922 in the Modern Art Week, coordinating the second night of the event.
• Villalobos (1887-1959) - composer and teacher. Two top Brazilian musicians, with great international recognition too. His brand was founded in the Modern Art Week, where his work was not understood by the public.
• Giomar Novaes (1895-1979) - pianist. I also participated in the Week of 22 and was rejected at the time. Meanwhile, he built a strong non-exterior career and was a great promoter of the music of Villa Lobos.

You can also be interested in: Modernism not Brazil and Important artists of Modern Art Week.

Modern Art in Europe

Modern art arose first in Europe as a decoration of the troubled moment that was lived. It was the beginning of a new century and the years for moving permeavam to the society of the arts universe.

Dessa form, we see various artistic movements appearing that seek to break with the patrons and tradições. One might think that impressionists were the first to "inaugurate" modern art, because they were experimenting with different ways of printing realities on fabrics.

Meanwhile, despite having been crucial for the development of new avant-garde newcomers, they continue to be imprisoned for the same purpose as two conservative artists. Such intention was to represent the world gives shape more real possible, but tracing innovations in a way to explore the numbers of color, light and framework.

Nessa epoch, a consolidation of photography trouxe some questions and influences in the field of arts.

Never before you see that it will be followed with the intention of subverting ideas, sensations and questioning by means of works that suggest new forms, cores and approaches.

I also read: Modernism: summary and historical context.

Modern Art movements and artists

Expressionism

This vertente originated in Germany, more precisely in the city of Dresden. In 1904 the artists Ernst Kirchner (1880-1938), Erich Heckel (1883-1970) and Karl Schmidt-Rottluff (1884-1976) criaram o group Die Brücke, with translation for "A ponte".

Or collective tinha as intention to print in his works a more sentimental character, also expressing the anguish and emotions that flourish in modern society, logo does not start of XX century.

Either expressionism was also an opposition to a previous movement, or impressionism, which only sought To study the otic, light and core phenomena, not importing the psychological aspects of being human.

Important artists who strongly influenced the movement of Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890) and Edvard Munch (1863-1944).

Fauvism

O fauvism was a movement that arose from an exhibition of young artists in Paris. O year was 1905 and I do not know that it was more known by Henry Matisse (1869-1954).

Na exposição, as foram works little understood and, by contact disso, the foram painters chamados de you fauves, “As feras” in Portuguese. This is because, as the cores and forms that were used are little or no compromise with reality.

The main characteristics of this vertente were more intense and pure cores and in the absence of shading in the figures.

Além de Matisse, other names that represent this current são: André Derain (1880-1954), Maurice de Vlaminck (1876-1958), Othon Friesz (1879-1949).

Or fauvism ended up greatly influencing a new way of coloring and printing objects of art, design and clothing at present.

Cubism

Either cubism can be considered or avant-garde movement that more transformed into art do seu tempo. Developed by Pablo Picasso (1881-1973) and Georges Braque (1883-1963), this current is intended to reformulate in a way that figures and forms are displayed.

The purpose of the vertente was to subvert to representation, presenting reality in a way to raise the impression that the forms are "open" and all of the shown angles are shown.

By isso, I appeal to geometry ganhou forte not cubism. Inspired by the painter Paul Cézanne (1839-1906), who began to paint simplifying the bodies and using quite a cylindrical shape in his fabrics, Picasso and Braque develop or analytical cubism and or cubism synthetic.

Abstractionism or Abstract Art

Abstract art tends to be a type of expression that does not qualify as dialogue as figurative. Seu maior expoente foi or Russian painter Wassily Kandinsky (1866-1944).

Not abstractionism, with the intention of creating images exploring forms, lines, hearts and nunces, with less compromise with reality. Assim, in 1910, Kandinsky created his first abstract work, or quadro Batalha.

Later, other vertentes da abstract art will emerge. No Informal Abstractionism, sensations and feelings were valued, predominantly lighter and more organic forms.

Já no Geometric Abstractionism prevalence of more rational and geometric compositions, whose greatest expoente was Piet Mondrian (1872-1974).

Futurism

Or Futurist Movement you see as idealizer or writer Filippo Tommaso Marinetti (1876-1944), who escreveu or Futurist Manifesto. Depois, the plastic arts were inspired by the manifesto and creation of a document mainly directed to painting.

Nessa corrente, they value speed, industry, and technological innovations that emerged and I appreciate the idea of ​​future and progress.

Na Pintura, os maiores expoentes foram Umberto Boccioni (1882-1916), Carlo Carrà (1881-1966), Luigi Russolo (1885-1947), Giacomo Balla (1871-1958) and Gino Severini (1883-1966).

Dadaism

Not from the First World War (1914-1978), many artists and intellectuals were dissatisfied as it was rumored that the world was taking. Also, some of them will take refuge in Suiça, in Zurique, and initiate a movement that questions the new times and the incoerêência of the war.

Foi aí that arose the Dada movement, entitled by the poet Tristan Tzara (1896-1963), who opened a dictionary randomly and wrote the French word Dadaist (which in Portuguese means "cavalinho").

Essa was a way of making explicit the intention of the group, which was to show the absurd tempos and illogical, since it seemed to rationality to have extinguished humanity in the face of the horrors of war.

Dessa maneira originates-is a current of art that seeks to place a check on the function of art and satirize current values. Two great names of Dadaism were Marcel Duchamp (1887-1868).

Other important names are: Man Ray (1890-1976), Max Ernst (1891-1976) and Raoul Hausmann (1886-1971).

Surrealism

Or surrealism is born from the same Dadaist root. The French poet André Breton (1896-1966) creates a manifest in that he defends psychic automatism, a mechanism that associates or creative process to the manifestations of the unconscious and of the piquê.

For the surrealists it mattered more than the subconscious commanded or that it would be exposed to the works, I propose irrational, illogical and hallucinatory themes.

Therefore, as surrealist works têm, quase em sua totalidade, a dreamlike aura, ou seja, draw dinners that suggest dreams.

The artists who stand out are this type of art from Salvador Dalí (1904-1989), Marc Chagall (1887-1985), Joan Miró (1893-1983) and Max Ernst (1891-1976).

To discover other surrealist works, I read: Instinctive works of surrealism.

Characteristics of Modern Art

To modern art I have many vertentes and each one proposed to enforce and analyze an aspect of its time. Therefore, they form quite diverse as the peculiarities of the vanguard and the intentions of two artists.

Furthermore, some qualities and attributes can be observed in a general way in modern European and Brazilian art.

All these artists carregavam um intense purpose of afastar-traditional art is given century XIX. Negavam or conservatism and propunham innovation both in the manner of representation and in the topics addressed.

At the same time, experimentation and improvisation were launched, trying new breeding grounds.

You can also be interested in:

• Impressionism
• European vanguard
• Characteristics of Modernism
• Artists Essenciais da Arte Moderna