Baroque: general characteristics of art
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The baroque art it is above all an artistic manifestation developed between the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries that arises in Italy and from here it will be when it spreads to other European countries. It could be said that the baroque is one of the most complex artistic movements in the history of art because it is to give a complete abandonment of the classical serenity that had occurred in previous movements, that is, the Renaissance and the Mannerism. Next, in this lesson from a TEACHER we offer you the general characteristics of baroque art which is based mainly on the excessive and ornate ornamentation, as well as the agitation and movement of his works.
We begin by analyzing the general characteristics of Baroque art, dwelling on the architecture of that historical period. The baroque is going to break with the classical balance looking for a liberation of the movement and to achieve it the following characteristics will be given:
- Abandonment of all classical geometric straight lines for curves with the introduction of architectural elements that will enhance this dynamism: the columns Solomonic, the split pediments, the Atlanteans, the curved cornices, the elliptical arches, curvy….
- The introduction of elliptical plants Y oval.
- Abandonment of flat surfaces for undulating, and thus in this way not having a frontal view of them but multiple points of view.
- Being a inbound and outbound architecture light acquires great importance, causing a play of light and shadow.
- Interest in urban environment and by the order of the city with spatial broadening, where the baroque garden it will have a dominant note.
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Sculpture in the baroque becomes urban since it will appear in the streets, squares and very mainly in fountains, so they will be integrated with the architecture. This is characterized by:
- The topics to be covered are profane, mythological, acquiring great importance naked, in its pure state.
- The baroque figures representpassions Y feelings, that is, what is known as the “pathos”(Uncontrollable emotions), of great expressiveness.
- They are moving sculptures that are characterized by their force Y dynamism, very noticeable in the faces of the sculpture, as well as in the clothes. They are also about open compositions, drawing attention to its monumentality.
- The materials used are stone, the bronze and the polychrome wood.
- In relief, chiaroscuro effects are going to be sought and sculptural groups.
- There are going to be two trends; a palatial attached to portrait, and another one realistic popular character identified with the religion.
- It is from a great decorative importance.
We finish this summary of the general characteristics of baroque art speaking, now, of the puncture.
Baroque painting will have a conception of a changing and ephemeral world, therefore, it will make an apparent painting with fake architectures, which is what is known as "trompe l´oeil ”or what is the same trompe l'oeil or visual deception. This is characterized by:
- Priority for curved lines and diagonally.
- The most used themes were religious, as well as the mythological. Another very common theme will be portraitist whether individual or group, and the still life a new topic that became fashionable at this time.
- The light It is one of the key themes in Baroque painting, because with it atmosphere and movements will be created always highlighting the part that interests the painter most of his composition, which is what is later call to gloomy. Darkness consists of projecting a light source, either natural or artificial, on a dark background, creating a play of light and shadow on the scene that you want to highlight.
- Is It will be the era of the genre which includes landscapes, still lifes, popular scenes, customs and where the painter little by little will begin to leave his studio and go out with his paintings and easel.
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