Art Nouveau: what is it, characteristics and how is Brazil

Art nouveau, ou Nova Arte, was a movement of arts that developed in Europe and the United States in the last decade of the XIX century and the beginning of the XX century, also reaching other countries.

It relates more precisely to architecture, furniture, decoration and design, or to art, applied to everyday life and to utilitarian functions.

This style encompasses different tendencies, such as oriental art and medieval illuminations allied to the industrial character that consolidated Europe.

Origens gives Art nouveau

Essa nova way of thinking or aesthetic character two environments and objects emerges as a form of approach to the industry with the arts, seeking to give a more artisan appearance to design, decoration and architecture.

This is because there was or was suspicion that the process of industrialization would end or "popularize" architectural and object productions. Or that, of fato, he was or was running.

In 1835, it was created idealized by British government schools of design as an idea of ​​aperitif or finishing of objects produced on a large scale, harmonizing them with art.

At the same time, artists and critics will appear, suggesting a manual practice volta da Idade Média. John Ruskin and William Morris tinham in expectation that a restructuring of the art will be assimilated.

Meanwhile, due to the great difficulty of resuming a detailed work, given or historical context after the Industrial Revolution, a type of automated artistic work developed.

It arises then, idealized by Morris, or Arts and Crafts Movement, em seu nome original Arts and crafts. Or movement of your support to artists so that they can develop projects of objects that will be executed in a series for the industry.

Eis what to Art nouveau ganha corpo em 1890. This trend is the base or Movement of Arts and Crafts, as well as Japanese and medieval influences.

In spite of more known as Art nouveau, I received in some countries just different.

Na França, also the usual denomination, was also called Modern Style; in Germany it became known as Jugendstil (which can be translated as "youth style"); já to Itália intitulou a tendência como Stile Floreale ou Stile Liberty.

Features da Art nouveau

This artistic aspect is characterized by a return to an art that appears to be more handmade, elaborated and thought out. Meanwhile, it uses industrialization for mechanized production.

You artists want to trace nature for everyday life, exploring elements of botany, fauna and flora.

TO elegance It was present in the ornamentation of facades, interior decoration, properties, objects and furniture. Or use of new materials such as glass, iron and cement trazem modernidade ao passo that breaks with a classical and historical aesthetic construction.

Ha or abuse of sinuous shapes, undulating and asymmetrical, also influenced by oriental art, Japanese overcoat, medieval, baroque and rococo art.

Art nouveau na architecture

Or style Art nouveau I found an architecture a solid support to express yourself.

Using materials such as glass and iron, which were previously used in railway and industrial architectural projects, the artists created a new legacy of ornamental aesthetic possibilities.

Either pattern that was followed was or of organic forms, richly elaborated to imitate nature. Also, the railroad offered the necessary structure to suggest galhos de arvores e torções vegetais, ao step that or glass conferred lightness, freshness and modernity.

A prominent architect nessa linguagem foi or Belgian Victor Horta (1861-1947). Through Japanese art, he was influenced to rethink symmetry and venture into curvilinear and sinuous forms.

Meanwhile, Horta managed to reconcile these characteristics with a modern style that brings new vigor to architecture.

Other important people for the architecture of the former Spanish period Antoni Gaudí (1852-1926) and French Hector Guimard (1867-1942).

Art nouveau na painting, graphic arts and design

For além two environments, a Art nouveau He was present in graphic arts in painting, além do design.

Artists such as Walter Crane (1845-1915) and Kate Greenaway (1846-1901) make illustrations for children's books using new style. Or free To Bela e Fera It was illustrated by Crane, who also developed print themes.

Kate also produced children's illustrations and designs for greeting cards and Valentine's Day. She was recognized as an illustrator of books for children.

Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (1864-1901), French artist, collaborated for the graphic arts creating various advertising letters with characteristics of new art.

Já na painting, we have Gustav Klimt (1862-1918) as one of our two greatest representatives.

Aluno da Escola de Artes e Ofícios de Viena, Klimt creates works with a decorative character, cheias of arabesques, feminine figures and a predominance of gold, or that in a certain way assembles in byzantine art.

A nova arte was revealed not as much for utilitarian as decorative objects.

Assim, na vertente da joalheria temos o francês René Lalique (1860-1945), who created true works of art using Pearls, precious stones, enamel, glass, marble and other elements in order to produce fish inspired by fauna and flora.

Émile Gallé (1846-1904) was a ceramist, stained glass artist and artist focused on utilitarian objects such as glass jugs and furniture.

Also using furniture as a support for his art, Belgian Henry van de Velde (1863-1957).

Both, as well as the other artists, abused sinuous lines and inspiration from organic forms.

An important part of the US movement was Louis Comfort Tiffany (1848 to 1933), which was dedicated to the production of janelas, mosaics, ceramics and other artifacts.

Art nouveau No brazil

Not Brazil, to Art nouveau It appears in the north of the country, in the year found at the apex of drunken production (1850-1910). It reveals the residence of Antonio Faciola, home of the local aristocracy. Nessa região, paradoxically, this style is mixed with regional elements such as Marajoara art.

Not Rio de Janeiro, a building that stands out is the Confeitaria Colombo, inaugurated in 1894.

In São Paulo this is also your place. Designed in 1902 by Carlos Ekman (1866-1940), or the building on which you can see is the Faculdade de Arquitectura e Urbanismo da Universidade de São Paulo (FAU / USP) and two works that represent Art nouveau no country.

Also in São Paulo is Victor Dubugras (1868-1933), who drew up architectural projects with inspiration not in the European style. An example is Horácio Sabino's house, located at Avenida Paulista on the corner of Rua Augusta.

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