8 main works of romanticism in Brazil and in the world
Or romanticism was a part of the arts that made Brazil the first goal of the XIX century, after the independence of the country.
In Europe, the movement has lasted since the previous century and found a fertile ground in literature, as well as only national ocorreu.
Some literary works are marked to define or style, set of free verses, sentimentality and idealizations.
1. Poetic sighs and saudades, by Gonçalves Magalhães
Poetic sighs and saudades It is considered a literary work that establishes or romanticism in Brazilian territory, in 1836.
Written by Gonçalves Magalhães (1811-1882), it is possible to find various elements of the style that já vinha occurring in European countries, such as valorization of individuality, affective and emotional character, as well as nationalism.
A work is a compilation of poems and composed in two parts. At first it integrates 43 poetic texts that deal with various issues, such as religiosity and historical events that occurred in various parts of the world by where or author traveled.
A second part, entitled Saudades, or focus is just not nostalgic feeling in relation to past loves, to homeland and family.
Gonçalves Magalhães declares no prologue do livro:
É um Livro de Poesias written second as impressões two places; now seated among the ruins of ancient Rome, meditating on a lot of two empires; now I do not climb two Alps, with imagination wandering not infinite like an atom not space, now in the Gothic cathedral, admiring the greatness of Deus, and the prodigies of Christianity; pray among the cypresses that back their shadow on burial mounds; Now it is reflected on a sorte da Pátria, on as paixões dos homens, on or nothing gives life. The poetry of a pilgrim, varied as the dinners of Nature, diverse as the phases of life, rather than harmonized by the unity of thought, and linked as the anis of a cadeia; Poems of soul, and of heart, and that only peel soul and or heart must be thrown.
2. Lira dos vinte anos, by Álvares de Azevedo
Lyre two twenty years It is the most well-known work of Álvares de Azevedo (1831-1852), a writer from São Paulo who had a short life, dying 20 years, victim of tuberculosis. Assim, a work in questão was published posthumously, in 1853.
It gives the same way that Poetic sighs and saudadesIt is also a book of poems, which is divided into three parts.
The texts presented are loaded with melancholy, regrets and frustration, or that are comprehensible due to illness and premature death of the author.
Various poems encaixam-se na ultraromantic aesthetics, making many references to death and translating certain indifference to life.
We can observe these characteristics I do not reach the poem Lembrança de Morrer:
When I feel like I rebentar-se a fiber,
That the spirit links to the living person,
Não spill by mim nenhuma tear
I'm insane.
E nem defolhem na impure matter
A flor do vale that numbs the wind:
I don't want a note of joy
It stalls for meu sad passamento.
Eu deixo to life as deixa or tédio
Do deserto, or poento caminheiro,
... How many hours of a long time I weigh it
That he disappeared to or dobre de um sineiro;
3. A moreninha, by Joaquim Manoel de Macedo
Or free To moreninha It is a two classics of Brazilian literature and was published by Joaquim Manuel de Macedo in 1844 during the first phase of the romantic movement. Or an author, who was trained as a doctor, made his efforts in literature and made a huge success in his career as a writer.
A work and important, pois foi or first romantic romance. Previously, only books of poems have been published in this style.
It is about a fiction, divided into 23 chapters, whose central theme is romantic, idealized and virginal love between the characters Augusto and Carolina.
A language used as a writer and colloquial, portraying the behavior of the elite of Rio de Janeiro in the first goal of the XIX century. It exhibits a certain nationalistic character and valorization of nature, as a third party narration.
Due to its sugary reading and entanglement that presents suspense and love with a happy ending, a very successful work between a high society of the time, and ainda hoje é lida.
On the streets of the garden duas rolinhas mariscavam: more, ao will feel passos, voaram e pousando não muito longe, em um bush, começaram a beijar-se com tenderness: and this dinner was spent years olhos de Augusto e Carolina...
The same thought, perhaps, shine in both those souls, because the olhares da menina e do moço will meet the same time, the virgin modestly lowered herself and in her faces, she rose a fire, which was pejo. E or young man, betting for both, disse:
- Eles se amam!
E a menina whispered barely:
- São happy.
4. O guarani, by José de Alencar
Or romance Or guarani It was published by José de Alencar in 1857. Relevant to the first phase of romanticism in Brazil, a narrative with an Indianist character, presenting a history that mixes or universe of homem white in contact as indigenous.
A narrative is divided into four parts and seeks to portray or Brazil is not seventeenth. Before being released as a book, a story was published in folhetim, chapter by chapter.
A work, or indigenous, is displayed in an idealized way, so much so that it is the main personage, Peru, an Indian, displayed as a symbol of a national hero, reiterating the idea of valorization of the nation.
To express work ainda and exuberância das matas and miscigenação do povo, nesse case through the romance between Peri and Ceci, moça branca, doce and meiga that turns off hair bravo guerreiro.
José de Alencar, who was 27 years old when the romance was published, tried to create a nationalistic and idealized atmosphere, showing an unreal relationship between colonizers and colonized and, despite “valuing” the character of an Indian, or following the principles christians.
- Não ha duvida, disse D. Antônio de Mariz, to his blind dedication by Cecília wants to fazer-lhe vontade with the risk of life. It is for me a few things but you will admire that I have seen this terra, or character of the Indian. From the first day he entered here, saving minha filha, his life has been one of abnegation and heroism. Crede-me, Álvaro, é um cavalheiro português no corpo de um selvagem!
5. Memories of a militia sergeant, by Manoel Antônio de Almeida
This is a work that was also published at the beginning in a folhetim, by chapters, not daily "Correio Mercantil", between 1852 and 1853.
Or author, Manoel Antônio de Almeida (1830-1861) built a highly humorous narrative that portrays the costumes of Rio de Janeiro in the first meta of the XIX century.
In contrast to two conventional romances of romanticism, a history traces characteristics a little different from what is expected for the style. Nela, not an elaborate language and idealization, being or protagonist, Leonardo, a kind of anti-hero.
Furthermore, the work was not necessarily created to be consumed by the elite, and places the lower classes of the society with some outstanding position in the plot.
In the meantime, among the elements that make up or free no romantic movement is a happy ending, an atmosphere of adventure and a love story portrayed between Leonardo and Luisinha.
Check out a stretch of this fun work:
When you jump on the ground, I start Maria to feel certain annoyances: so you do live together: and it hurts one more, it will clearly manifest the effects of the footprint and the beliscão; seven months since you have seen Maria um filho, a formidable little boy of about three feet tall, fat and vermelho, hairy, expectant and chorão; or qual, logo depois que nasceu, mamou for two hours in a row semlargar o peito. At this birth, it is certainly true that we fear or that we are most interested in it, because either we miss this story.
6. You miseráveis, by Victor Hugo
You will be miserly, considered one of the great works of world literature, authored by the French Victor Hugo (1802-1885) and published in 1862 in various countries simultaneously, including not Brazil.
O livro part of the so-called “social romanticism”, quite explored by Victor Hugo, in which he has to worry about tackling the mazelas, sofrimentos and lutas da sociedade. Or same ocorre in another romantic work of the author: O corcunda of Notre Dame.
A narrative is passed in Paris I do not know XIX and e feita em third person. Accompanying the life of several people, I have Jean Valjean as a fio driver, a poor homem who spends many years in prison for a piece of bread to feed his family. Ao deixar a cadeia, Jean sai revolted and violent, but at a given moment he finds redemption and transforms himself, in accordance with the Christian values.
A work traz ainda suspense, adventure, pursuits and dinners of impossíveis loves.
We never go into the depths enough from our consciousness and at the moment we continue to examine it. Let's not faze without emotion or shock. Nothing exists more terrifying than this kind of contemplation.
You olhos of the spirit cannot find in a place nothing more obfuscating, nothing more dark than or homem; No power to fix-it is in nothing more fearful, more complicated, more mysterious and more infinite. There is a coisa that is higher than either sea: or ceu. There is a greater show than the interior of a soul.
7. Love of Perdition, by Camilo Castelo Branco
Camilo Castelo Branco (1825-1890), Portuguese writer, or author of Lost love, your most important work, which highlights the romantic movement of your country. It passes the Portuguese cities of Viseu, Coimbra and Porto and portrays the XIX century society.
A story tells about the forbidden romance between the young Simão Botelho and Teresa de Albuquerque, who they fade, but we cannot live that love that lives inimized between the two families (or that to Romeu and Julietby William Shakespeare).
This is a narrative in third person, which, as it is its own romanticism, draws dramatic elements, with a muite intensity and a feeling of urgency, and in this case, it does not have a happy ending.
For eleven hours, Simão was lying on the side of the quintal, and at an agreed distance or arreeiro as a cavalo à redea. To all it gives music, which comes from remote rooms, alvoroçava-o, because a party at Tadeu de Albuquerque's house or surpreendera.
I don't have a thermos of three years I will never play music at home. If the soubesse or birthday day of Teresa, he will scare-he will be less happy than that of the rooms, always dated as days of death. Simão fancifully imagined such chimeras that he voyejam, now black, now translucent, in redor of dull fantasy. There is no rational beacon for belas, nem for horrible illusions, when love invents. Simão Botelho, like ouvido cast to date, ouvia barely or some flutes, and as pancadas do coração sobrealtado
8. Os Sofrimentos do Jovem Werther, by Goethe
Or romance in questão is a few works that inaugurate romanticism in Europe. Written by German Goethe (1749-1832), it was published in 1774 and also tells the story of an impossible love, starring Werther and Charlotte.
It is possible that the work has an autobiographical character, portraying the loving feeling of the author for a married friend.
It is configured as a romantic work pois treats or love with paixão, intensity and sophistication, apart from a tragic atmosphere.
And how somehow it was pulled away from the curtain that covered the vision of my soul... Or a spectacle of infinite life metamorphosed before my eternally open burial mound. You will be able to say: É assim! More and when everything happens... And when everything rolls with speed of raio and we do not manage to secure-we eat the fullness of our vital energy, I sell everything to be snatched by current, e ai!, to be submerged and enraged against the rochedos... Then there is no moment that I do not devour you, you and you years, there is no instant that you do not tell, that no devas will be um destroyer.
O mais innocente dos teus pasos cost the lives of thousands of poor insects, a footstep destroys you or painful work, and drives a small world to an ignominious grave. Ah, there are not so many great and rare catastrophes, these floods that sweep away your vilarejos, these earth tremors that submerge your cities, which impress me!
Or that consumes me or my heart is that dominating force that hides over the totality of Nature, and that Nothing produced that did not destroy or that a rodeia, and finally itself... And even wandering tormented by there. Céu, terra e suas forças ativas em volta de mim! Nothing old senão um monster that engulfs eternally and eternally turns to chew and swallow.
You can also be interested:
- Romanticism: characteristics, historical context and authors
- Livro O guarani
- Canção do Exílio by Gonçalves Dias
- Livro A Viuvinha, by José de Alencar
