100 years war: causes and consequences

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Although the name is that, said confrontation would actually last one hundred and sixteen years from 1337-1453. Bearing in mind that during that long period we will find moments of peace, with moments of war. In this lesson from a TEACHER we will dwell on the 100 years war: causes and consequences, Join us on this long journey of more than a century to see the reasons that led to such a confrontation and how at the end This formed a new political map for both England and France, the latter kingdom came out very strengthened from this period.

Index

1. Summary of the 100 years war
2. Causes of the 100 years war
3. Consequences of the 100 years war

To be able to talk about causes and consequences of the 100 years war we must first make a small summary of it. First of all the historianss divide the war conflict into two periods:

• 1337-1380: which ends with the death of Carlos V.
• 1380-1453: which ends with the expulsion of the English from France.

First period

Both countries had a line of sea in common, the English ChannelThis was very important both militarily and economically speaking. Therefore we will find that the first confrontations were naval. In 1340 the English defeated the French squad at L'Ecluse and in this way the troops of Edward III landed on French territory, even reaching the city of Paris.

In their retreat, they would be attacked by the French, but the cunning of the Black Prince was decisive, obtaining an overwhelming victory against the French army, at the Battle of Crécy in 1346. After this they would take Calais, which belonged to England until the year 1558 with the signing of the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis, by which it returned to France.

Second term

This begins with the English victory in 1415 at the Battle of AzincourtAfter this, the Duke of Burgundy would change sides, becoming an ally of England and they managed to carry out in 1420 the Treaty of Troyes by which a son between the marriage of Henry V and Catherine (daughter of the French monarch) would put an end to the problem dynastic.

In 1429 Joan of Arc entered Orleans, after having the support of the dolphin Carlos VII and in this way he was anointed in the Cathedral of Reims as King of France (disobeying the Treaty of Troyes). Shortly after this, Joan of Arc would be arrested and tried by the same people of France, who sentenced her to death at the stake in the year 1431.

After this we will find a series of more skirmishes and battles in which France was gaining ground from England until the end of the conflict.

In this other lesson from a TEACHER we will discover a short biography of Joan of Arc.

Map: Social Blog for 1st and 2nd ESO students

Within this point we must talk about a series of very important elements to understand the causes of the Hundred Years' War. First of all we must know that the enmity between England and France It had been in force since the entire period known as the Middle Ages. Within this, we will see how Flanders, a vassal county of the kingdom of France, had always longed for its independence and was helped by the English, because the latter had commercial interests in importing their wool to that region for the production of their famous tapestries.

On the other side of the territory of Guyena, the English obtained the wines and the so precious salt for the trade. These lands had long belonged to the English monarch. In other words, just as England helped Flanders, the aid given by the kingdom of France to Scotland is known, so that it would rise up against England.

Another cause was that the English king, owning lands in French territory, was therefore a vassal of the king of France and he owed him an obedience that he never did. In this way the French monarch was forced to react to set an example.

But the most important question came in the year 1328, at which time Charles IV died of France without direct succession. Thus the closest person dynamically speaking was the English monarch, Edward III. The point was that for political reasons the great lords decided to elect Philip VI of Valois (first cousin of the last king) king. In this way the English began a series of hostilities towards the neighboring kingdom, because they claimed the throne of France by legitimate right.

Thus we will see that England had a fairly solvent economy at that time, with a kingdom practically united and an army that we can define almost as national, that is, it did not depend on the feudal lords to be summoned. In front we will find France, which was not united, because it still lived in a full feudal system, where the monarch barely had power. In this way, the army had to be summoned by the feudal lords, since the monarch barely had an army and also the economy of the kingdom was in poor condition.

In this other lesson from a TEACHER we will discover the countries that fought in the 100-year war.

Image: Universal History

We are now going to analyze the consequences of the Hundred Years War. After a period of more than a century, both countries were exhausted both militarily and economically. From France, a series of improvements had been made, promoted by the monarch Carlos VII, causing the English to gradually retreat.

In such a way little by little the English were losing all the territories thatwhich they possessed throughout the kingdom of France. To this we must add that Burgundy ceased to support England, leaving it alone in the face of the conflict and, thus, in 1450 France recovered Normandy and in 1453 Aquitaine.

The year of 1453 is the end of the 100 years warWe say that it is considered, because at no time is any peace treaty made. All we know is that England is allowed to keep the seaside town of Calais, so that it can continue to trade.

On the other hand we have to know that England was going through a very delicate moment internally speaking, because two sides were fighting for control of the throne, since Henry VI fell ill and died shortly weather. Thus beginning a civil war within the country, which we know as the War of the Two Roses.

On her side, France was emerging from her lethargy, eliminating the feudal states and heading towards the Age Modern and with it towards the establishment of the absolute monarchy (although to reach its zenith, it still lacked weather).

What we do have to be clear about is that it took both countries a long time to recoverIn this way we will see that for a period of time they would not act on European problems.

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